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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
statement
a linguistic expression that is meaningful and has truth
argument
a sequence of 2 or more statements, containing premises to support a designated conclusion
deductively invalid
an argument is deductively invalid when it is possible for the premises to all be true and the conclusion to be false
sound argument
an argument is sound iff it is
1. deductively valid
2. all premises are true
inductively strong argument
an argument is inductively strong argument if its probable that its conclusion is true if we assume that its premises are all true
qualitative similarity
if a person is qualitatively the same, the person is not dissimilar to how they were before, they contain all the same properties...24 yr old qualitatively diff than when they were 2
numerical identity
a person is numerically the same if no other persona can take his place
indescernibility of identicals (leibniz's law)
if x=y, then x has every property that y has, vice versa...curly hair
reflexivity
everything is identical to itself, x=x for any x...chrissie is identical to herself
symmetry
if x=y then y=x...
transitivity
if x=y and y=z, then x=z
spatiotemporal continuity theory
the essence of personal identity. personal identity is spatiotemporal continuity. persons are numerically identical iff they are spatiotemporally continuous via series of persons...brain is prince is altered to become exactly like the cobbler...stt says he is wrong
psychological continuity theory
a past person is numerically identical to the future person, if any who has that past persons memories, character traits, etc...prince's brain changed to cobbler, he is wright
a properties
each event occurs either in the past, present, or future
b relations
each even occurs either earlier then, simultaneous with, or later than each other event
presentism
anything that is strictly in the past or future does not exists, all there really is is the present...dinos dont exist
space-time diagram
can be sued to represent all of history, representing intervals of time. one axis is the time dimension;the other axis is the space dimensions
temporal part
a temporal cross section of an object at a point in time; that object at that time; a person is the sum of all their temporal parts...spatial size is the same but temporal size constantly changing
traditional western conception of god
monotheistic judeo christian concept of god who is omnipotoent, omniscient, morally perfect, and unique creator of the universe
causal depedence
everything that is causally dependent requires the existence of something that is causally independent
ontological dependence
something is ontologically dependent whose existence derives from or reduces to facts about something else; requires the existence of something that is ontologically independent...tuna sanwhich is ontologically dependent on its parts (tuna bread, mayo)
concept, singular
a way of classifying something in our thinking. it applies to exactly one thing (its target) or nothing at all
improbability
something is improbable if it is unlikely as any physical even could be
impossibility
something is impossible if it could not have occured, no matter what
composition
serval things compose y iff they are all parts of y, and everything that is a part of y overlaps at least one of them
constitution
x constitues y iff there are some things that compose x and also y, x is numberically distinct from y, and y seems otologically dependent of x...clay compose both clay and goliath...lumple constitutes goliath
composition nuhilism
no composite objects exists, the only objects there are , are simple
just matter theory
hunks of matter are the only objects that exist...no matter how the particles are arranged it is always the "sort quantity of matter"...crushed statue, still a statue
takeover theory
depending on how a group of particles are arranged, they will constitue an object of a certain sort, particles can only constitute one object at a time...crushed statue NOT still a statue, does not retain its shape
determinism
a complete description of whats going on at any particlar time plus the laws of nature entail what going on at every other time)
hard determinism
rejection of free will in the face of determinism...deny that criminals deserve punishment, since the crimes were not committed freeely
libertarianism
resolve conflict between free will and determinism by rejecting determinism, people are special and science will never completely predict human behavior..my decision to attend und was not predetermined, made freely by me.
soft determinism
retain both freedom and determinism, they conflict only because we misunderstand the conept of freedom...."men don't cry"