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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intrinsic Value of Nature
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It is the ethical or philosophic value that nature has "in itself" or "for its own sake", as an intrinsic property.
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anthropocentrism
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only humans have rights; costs and benefits are measured only by their impact on people
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biomimicry
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the concept of learning from ecosystems and adapting their characteristics to human organization situations
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Ecology
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science of the interrelationship among organisms and their environment.
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Ecosystem
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total ecological community both living and non-living.
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Biodiversity
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The natural variety of life in all its forms, levels and combinations
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Tragedy of the Commons
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People seek to maximize individual gains, this is a "rational behavior or response. If every individual seeks maximum gain then the commons will be ruined and each person will lose.
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free rider problem
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once a producer has provided a public good, everyone including non payers can obtain the benefit
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Global environmental fairness
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we use more resources than we have. A disproportionate consumption of nonrenewable
resources. |
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factory farming
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Commercial agriculture and farming based on fossil fuel energy subsidies, mechanization, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and large scale monocropping
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Vegetarianism
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The practice of restricting the diet to good substances of plant origin, including vegetables, fruits, grains, and nuts
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Naturalism
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the theory that moral values can be derived from facts about the world and human nature.
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Natural Law
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there is a natural order to the human world, this natural order is good, and people therefore ought not to violate that order
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Moral Isolationism
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The view that we ought not to be morally concerned with, or involved with, people outside of our own immediate group.
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Civil Liberties
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civil rights and freedoms that provide an individual with
specific rights. |
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Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications
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must show particular trait or characterisitic (eg. gender) is essential to the job modesty and, authenticity. Race, color, national orgin are never acceptable.
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Test validity
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extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
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reliability of a test
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the extent to which a test yield consistent results
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seniority
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a privilege based on the amount of time spent in service
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Inbreeding
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Promoting from within the organization rather than from the most qualified candidates.
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nepotism
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providing favorable treatment to family members of current employees when making employment decisions
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Dismissing Employees
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Firing, Termination, Layoff, Position elimination
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Firing
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A form of termination of employment that is individual and punitive. From violating one's duty.
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Termination
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Loss of employment from not living up to expectations at the job.
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Layoff
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Temporary unemployment by hourly employees and imies they are subject to recall
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Position Elimination
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permanent elimination of a job as a result to work-force
reduction, plant closure, consolidation. |
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Productivity
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the amount of output you generate given the amount of
input (hours worked) |
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Factors which affect wage
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Law, Geography, Industry
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Sympathetic strikes
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Striking for a different industry
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Direct strike
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Cessation of work by employees with the same industrial grievance.
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Theory X Management
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- by Douglas McGregor
- assumes most people are lazy, and dislike work. - Management must watch and sold them to make them work to meet goals. |
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Management Theory Y
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Managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work and policies should encourage this internal motive
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Management Theory Z
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Theory of management in which workers are seen as the key to increased productivity. Japanese style of management. Feminine model of collaboration.
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Motivation
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Comes from autonomy, purpose, and mastery
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Lack of Integrity
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Not doing what you said you would do
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Lack of Authenticity
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Not being who you said you would be
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Groupthink
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the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility
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Bystander Apathy
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The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon that refers to cases in which individuals do not offer any means of help to a victim when other people are present. The probability of help is inversely related to the number of bystanders.
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Growth Mindset
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the idea that our abilities can develop and grow
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fixed mindset
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We have a set amount of an ability that cannot change; more likely to give up after setback.The aim is perfection.
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blind optimism
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excessive optimism that blinds us to real risks; our natural positive-thinking bias can promote an unrealistic optimism about future life events
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realism
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The attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly
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job discrimination
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the practice of favoring one person over another for reasons that have nothing to do with ability to perform a job
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Brown vs. Board of education
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In 1954, it was a landmark case that ruled segregated schools unconstitutional. Some schools ended segregation with little problems, but others resisted the orders.
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1961 Executive Order by President John F. Kennedy
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Requires federal contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin."
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Equal Pay Act of 1963
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This act requires equal pay for equal work for men and women.
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Civil Rights Act (1964)
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a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women.
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Enforced by Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
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a federal law enforcement agency, that enforces laws
against workplace discrimination |
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Sexual Harassment
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unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.
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Comparable Worth
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women and men should be paid the same for doing different jobs involving equal skill, effort, and responsibility.
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pink-collar jobs
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jobs that offer few benefits often have low prestige, and are disproportionately held by women
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Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment
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sexual harassment in the form of demands for sexual favors in exchange for employment or promotion
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hostile work environment harassment
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is sexually explicit verbal or nonverbal communication that interferes with someone's work or is perceived as intimidating or offensive (can be unintentional; off-hand remarks; casual displays of sexually explicit materials)
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Sexual Favoritism
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when someone isn’t being treated fairly when they're not being sexually harassed because someone else is getting that treatment.
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Sexism
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discrimination against people on the basis of their gender.
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Racism
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Discrimination of all members of a particular race or ethnic group because of the stereotyped characteristics associated with that group.
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Islamophobia
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fear of/prejudiced viewpoint toward Islam, Muslims and
matters pertaining to them |
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Theophobia
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Fear of religion
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Atheophobia
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Fear of atheism
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