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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fallacies
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inference based on defective reasoning
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formal fallacy
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argument with incorrect form
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informal fallacy
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argument with incorrect reasoning
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vagueness
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unclear language which occurs when a concept applies along a continuum
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conceptual slippery slope
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really no difference between things on opposite ends of a continuum due to a vagueness in the area between them
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fairness slippery slope
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there should not be a fine line drawn that produces very different consequences assigned to either side of the line when there isn't much difference between what is on one side and the other
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causal slippery slope
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takes a claimed relationship between a seemingly innocent initial step and and undesirable consequence as a reason why the initial step should not be taken
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ambiguity
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occurs when a word or expression is misleading or potentially misleading because it's hard to tell which of a number of possible meanings is intended in the context
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disambiguation
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rewriting an ambiguous sentence in a way that clarifies it
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equivocation
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using the same expression to mean different things in different parts of an argument
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ad hominem denier
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denies the truth of what is claimed based on something about the person making the claim
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ad hominem silencer
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questions a person's right to speak without denying the truth of the claim
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ad hominem dismisser
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dismisses the speaker as a reliable source of good information. seeks to undermine support rather than deny the claim
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tu quoque
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look who's talking
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inconsistency
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flip flopping. new view must be assessed on its own merits
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genetic fallacy
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consists of rejecting a view based on it's origin
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circular reasoning
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premise is equivalent to the conclusion
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question begging
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premise assumes conclusions
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self-sealers
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no possible evidence can be brought to refute this type of argument
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counterexamples
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attacks a premise or conclusion by showing that it's false
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reductio ad absurdum
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show that the argument given leads to an absurdity
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straw men fallacy
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misrepresenting an opponent's argument to refute it
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false dichotomy
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fallacy of asserting a choice between two things when there are other options or the two options create a straw man
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refutation by parallel reasoning
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shows an argument is not valid by comparing it with another similar (yet obviously invalid) argument with the same form
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