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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Four Stages of Life |
In Hinduism, human life is believed to comprise four stages or "ashrama" |
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Doctrine of Emptiness |
-Nagarjung Two thousand five hundred years ago, the Buddha was able to realize "emptiness" ( sunyata). By doing so he freed himself from unsatisfactoriness (dukkha). |
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Hindu Gods |
Brahma, the Creator. ...Vishnu, the Preserver. ...Shiva, the Destroyer. ...Ganapati, the Remover of Obstacles. |
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Caste System |
Born into it, cannot change Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaishyas Shudras Varna (Pariahs)
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Five key concepts |
will make a man good, and if man is good society is good (confucianism) ren chun tzu li te wen |
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ren or jen |
= means humanity, brotherhood, golden rule |
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Chun tzu |
= to be accommodating (perfect host or hostess) ideal man of society |
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Li |
means ritual or proprietyprinciple of gain, benefit, order, propriety/concrete guide to human action. -doctrine of mean -rectification of names say what you mean and mean what you say. -5 family relationships |
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- five constant relationships (Li): |
( a) husband and wife (husband should be good, wife should be listening) b) parents and children (parents should be loving, children should be referential, piety) c) older and younger sibling (older sib should be protective, younger should be respectful) d) elder friend/neighbor and younger friend/neighbor e) emperor and subject ( emperor should be good, subject loyal) |
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Te |
= power (power of moral example), whatever you do sets example for child Power by which men are ruled, the power of moral example |
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Wen |
art of peace (music, drama, literature, paintin |
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Confucianism Vs Taoism Tradition |
Confucianism Deliberate tradition Taoism is the spontaneous tradition |
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Anatta |
(no soul) but buddha doesn’t mean no soul just that we cant talk about it because we cant prove if we have a soul or not |
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The First Ashrama - "Brahmacharya" (student stage) |
1. student traditional 12-13 years old, assigned to guru (teacher) |
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The Second Ashrama - "Grihastha" (household stage) |
2.household life (25 years old) get married, children, provide for community |
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The Third Ashrama - "Vanaprastha" (hermit stage) |
3. forest dweller retire give up household life, give away possessions, seek spirituality, meditation, and severe self disciple |
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The Fourth Ashrama - "Sannyasa" |
4. when you become enlightened and become a guru. |
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sunyata (emptiness) |
is the reality of all worldly existences (s. dharma). It is the realization of Bodhi — Prajna. From the standpoint of liberation, sunyata is the skillful means that disentangle oneself from defilement and unsatisfactoriness. The realization of sunyata leads one to no attachment and clinging. It is the skillful means towards enlightenment and also the fruit of enlightenment. (Buddhism) |
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Dharma (Hinduism) |
signifies behaviors that are considered to be in accord with rta, the order that makes life and universe possible, and includes duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues and ‘‘right way of living’’. |
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Dharma (Buddhism) |
In Buddhism dharma means "cosmic law and order", but is also applied to the teachings of the Buddha. . |
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Dharma (Jianism) |
refers to the teachings of tirthankara (Jina) and the body of doctrine pertaining to the purification and moral transformation of human beings. |
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Bodhi |
in Buddhism is the understanding possessed by a Buddha regarding the true nature of things. It is traditionally translated into English with the word enlightenment, although its literal meaning is closer to "awakening." |
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Prajna |
"wisdom", is insight in the true nature of reality (Buddhism) |
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Dukkha |
is a Buddhist term commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "stress", or "unsatisfactoriness". The principle of dukkha is one of the most important concepts in the Buddhist tradition.The classic formulation of these teachings on dukkha is the doctrine of the Four Noble Truths, in which the Truth of Dukkha is identified as the first. |
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Brahmins |
top/ priestly people |
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Kshatriyas |
who were rulers, administrators and warriors (governors of the state) |
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the Vaishyas |
artisans, merchants, tradesmen and farmers (skilled workers) |
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Shudras |
laboring class (nonskilled workers) |
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Varna (pariahs) |
The caste system had a fifth element, being those people deemed to be entirely outside its scope, such as tribal people and the untouchables. |
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Buddha |
the word Buddha means to "wake up" |
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higher enlightenment |
meditation and self discipline in buddhism and hinduism |
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Principles of Buddhism |
To wake up Think talk act as to reduce the unncescessary suffering in the world To work in harmony As work develops potential Diminishes ego Provides good+services Goal to obtain nirvana |
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Ahimsa |
- preference for life non-injury to all living beings (Jainism, Hinduism, and Buddhism) |
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Mahavira |
- founder of Jainism reverence for all life All life is important Swept his path |
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Siddhartha Gautama |
- founder of Buddhism |
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2 points of view: |
Han fu tzu the legalist view that man is evil, punish severly for breaking law to set example for society. Matzu- man was good when man steps out of line show love and rehabilitate positive example for society. |
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Taoism |
is spontaneous in traditio nTrying to get back to original self |
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Yin-Yang
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symbol of Taoism represents one whole, cosmos is constantly changingand no absolutes Yin energy- female, dark passive cold left earth moon weak negative destructive Yang- strong light bright up aggressive sun strong, positive, light, constructive male Neither is evil or good, goodness is balance of two and evil is excess of one |
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Pu |
goal of toaism to obtain enlightenment, goal to reach ultimate being. In Taoism relative position on good or bad depending on the circumstances, no absolutes Opposites- water/stone, there are no absolutes |
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Wu wei |
“without action” Acting naturally and without effort, nature changes by doing nothing and not striving for some result, everything gets done. Let nature take its course and participate in its course. Allow the dao to act through you. Natural, simple, spontaneous, harmonious is correct course (taoism) |
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Confucian vs taoist beliefs |
Confucian stress education to develop character, Taoists stress unlearn societalbeliefs return to instinctive response. |
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Hinduism (enlightenment) |
1. emphasis on spiritual aspect of life2. philosophy is seen as directly relevant to the conduct of life, seeking truth in order to solve tragic problems of life3. introspective approach to truth and reality, emphasis on inner life of human beings rather than on nature of external world 4. accepts intuition as favored method through which ultimate nature of reality can be known realizing truth is through nonattachment. |
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Earliest period of indian thought |
vedic period- rg veda (veda=wisdom) Upanishads belong to vedic period and are teaches of sages, provide knowledge as a means to achieving spiritual freedom |
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Doctrines of brahman and atman |
-absolute discovered outside us and the absolute discovered within each of us. Enlightenment=realizing that absolute we seek is within us and is us. |
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Second period |
= epic period, Buddhism originated then. Bhagavad gita inspired from Upanishads |
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The Upanishads |
are a collection of texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts of Hinduism, some of which are shared with Buddhism and Jainism. |
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The Bhagavad Gita |
often referred to as simply the Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture in Sanskrit that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. Hindu traditionalists assert that the Gita came into existence in the third or fourth millennium BCE |
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Mahabharata |
social codes governing life in India truth knowledge righteousness forgiveness non attachment and renunciation |
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Laws of manu |
- treatise of religion law custom and politics, 4 great aims: righteousness, wealth, enjoyment, and spiritual freedom. |
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Samsara |
is the repeating cycle of birth, life and death (reincarnation) as well as one's actions and consequences in the past, present, and future in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Taoism |
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Moksha |
-liberation from samsara (become enlightened) through meditation and severe disciple |
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Atman |
- your soul |
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Brahman Belief |
-spiritual nature of universe “in reality we are all brahman we are not separate but part of a whole” Intuition- in hindisuim is understood we are all brahman |
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4 Paths in Hinduism |
- The way of knowledge Janana Yoga, The way of devotion is Bakti Yoga, Karma Yoga- the way of works ex Martin Luther King, Raja Yoga- physical and mental exercises. |
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4 noble truths |
comprise the essence of Buddha's teachings. They are the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering. |
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eightfold path |
also called the Middle Path or Middle Way, is the system of following these eight divisions of the path to achieve spiritual enlightenment and cease suffering: right understanding, right thought, right speech, right conduct, right means of making a living right mental attitude or effort right mindfulness right concentration |
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Right understanding: |
Understanding that the Four Noble Truths are noble and true. |
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Right thought: |
Determining and resolving to practice Buddhist faith. |
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Right speech: |
Avoiding slander, gossip, lying, and all forms of untrue and abusive speech. |
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Right conduct: |
Adhering to the idea of nonviolence (ahimsa), as well as refraining from any form of stealing or sexual impropriety. |
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Right means of making a living: |
Not slaughtering animals or working at jobs that force you to violate others. |
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Right mental attitude or effort: |
Avoiding negative thoughts and emotions, such as anger and jealousy. |
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Right mindfulness: |
Having a clear sense of one’s mental state and bodily health and feelings. |
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Right concentration: |
Using meditation to reach the highest level of enlightenment. |
