Phil 50

Front 1

Similarities between Aquinas and Aristotle's conception of the human being

Back 1

The human being is:
composite of form and matter
human soul and human body
all knowledge begins with the body

Front 2

Passive Component of Virtue

Back 2

The natural aptitude for virtue we are born with. We have the talent for becoming virtuous. It is a divine gift from God.

Front 3

Active Component of Virtue

Back 3

It is our own responsibility to study and practice virtues that involve habituation and perfect ourselves using our God given gifts

Front 4

What do passive and active virtue contribute?

Back 4

Passive and active parts of virtue help us to obtain our ultimate purpose: the relationship between us and the final cause.

Front 5

Parts of Virtue

Back 5

1. controlled by reason
2. operation of the will with reason
3. Study involves knowledge of acquisition
4. Study is assimilation of the "formal element"

Front 6

Perfect virtues ultimate final cause

Back 6

the good

Front 7

Perfect virtue

Back 7

perfect virtue is the choice of means in accord with right reason in order to achieve instinct.

Front 8

Appetites

Back 8

Rational
appetitive reason
animal

Front 9

Rational Appetite

Back 9

operation of reason w/ the will
higher appetite: one of the good

Front 10

Appetitive reason

Back 10

the will is higher appetite, an appetite of the good.

Front 11

Animal Appetite

Back 11

animal instincts are the lower appetite
they are NOT controlled by reason

Front 12

Irascible

Back 12

easily angered
quick tempered

Front 13

Concupisant

Back 13

A desire to seek what is suitable and avoid what is harmful

Front 14

Relationship between will and reason

Back 14

The will is an appetite for good which means final causality
reason contributes to deliberation

Front 15

Why are we free?

Back 15

because of our power to deliberate

Front 16

The Process by which free choice is performed

Back 16

1. the will desires the good
2. reason selects one particular good from among many options
-we use reason to select
-we may reason well or poorly
-we are advised to learn to reason through studies
3. reason councils the will on which object to select
4. the will physically moves us to the object selected

Front 17

Why other animals are not free like human beings are free

Back 17

Animals are controlled by their instincts and do not have the power to deliberate.
animal instincts are irascible and concupisant

Front 18

Descartes Med.1

Back 18

Why he engages in meditations
general method for initial standard for certainty
-the existence of the outside world(the sum of all sensible objects)
-The truthfulness of math/geometry

Front 19

Axioms

Back 19

things that we know to be true

Front 20

Geometric Method
(part of med 1)

Back 20

Always begin with an axiom

Front 21

Descartes Med 2

Back 21

What is known with certainty and why
-his own existence (I know that I exist because I cannot doubt this if I try to)
-His essence is to be thinking thing

Front 22

Extension
(Part of med 2)

Back 22

The essence of physical material objects
Not determined by intellect of the senses

It is an intelligible and not sensual property.

Front 23

Wax Example

Back 23

1. There are two substances: Mind and Body
2. Wax melts and transforms sensible properties but one property remains the same: extension
3. Absent of these sensible properties, the object is still extended
4. Descartes does not know if physical objects are real but states that: all physical objects if they exist have the characteristic of being extended

Front 24

Descartes Med 3

Back 24

Proof of Gods existence and why God is not an evil deceiver

Front 25

Med 3
Proof of Gods existence

Back 25

Idea: God is an entity, all powerful, all knowing, good, and does not lack anything
Cause: Parents-But where did they get the idea?
Mind: I am finite and am not capable of being the cause of something infinite. Only an infinite thing can be the cause of an infinite idea.
God univerally built it in us as humans

Front 26

Med 3
Why God is not an evil deceiver

Back 26

A good entity must exist. God can't be infinitely good and tricking me. If God were deceiving us it would be malicious and would be in conflit wiht his goodness.

Front 27

Nature of mind according to a Buddhist perspective

Back 27

1. Identity is emergent and contingent (dependent on something else)
2. There is awareess of constant change in our thoughts
3. There is not any "Thinker entity" independent from these thoughts
4. If we attend to what is found in sense experience we find no experience entity

Front 28

Buddhist and Descartes Compared

Back 28

Claim leaping from thoughts to thinker can't be justified
we can't isolate any one thing that remains unchanged.

Front 29

Nature of mind according to Descartes

Back 29

Descartes believes notion of mind as a substance.
information available to the sense changes
Nature of the mind is not subject to change in the way other things are subject to change.

Front 30

Reification

Back 30

taking something that is fluid or changing and supposing it to be something solid or fixed. It is always in the process of doing. Personal identity.

Front 31

Esortic

Back 31

good internal to the human (Buddhism divinity)

Front 32

physics

Back 32

study of rules in which physical world operates

Front 33

metaphysics

Back 33

that which persists through change dealing wiht obj. that cannot be accessed with senses.

Front 34

Rationalist

Back 34

claims that at least some kinds of knowledge are arrived at with out the use of senses. some find truths are known through reason alone.

Front 35

Aquinas argues that

Back 35

1. we are born perfect
2. the active component of the HB provides us with the natural aptitude for perfection
3. the will is determiend to pursue the good

Front 36

Descartes argues that

Back 36

his esence is a thinking thing