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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

If an argument is valid then

it's impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false

In this class we said a true claim is one that

correctly represents things as they actually are

The claim, if it snows, we will go skiing asserts:

neither the antecedent nor the consequent

According to psychological egoism,

everyone is motivated by selfish reasons

According to ethical egoism

one has no moral responsibilities to anyone other than oneself

The theory according to which what is morally right varies from culture to culture is

cultural ethical relativism

According to individual ethical relativism

One's moral responsibilities depend on one's moral views

According to the Divine Command Theory

actions are right if God said they're right AND murder is not inherently wrong

According to Kant's moral theory, people have intrinsic value because

we have a rational will

According to Utilitarianism, what makes an action morally good or bad is

the amount of happiness the action produces for everyone affected by the action

According to Aristotle the right thing to do is usually

in between excess and deficiency

According to John Rawls in the actual world

humans are not all free equals AND contingent attributes create biases

The following quote is from which philosopher?


"Thus the moral worth of an action does not depend on the result expected from it"

Kant

The following quote is from which philosopher?


"Happiness is a good to that person, therefore, a good to the aggregate of all persons"

Mill

The following quote is from which philosopher?


"The virtue of a man also will be the state of character which makes a man good and which makes him do his own work well"

Aristotle

According to Noonan, humanity

is determined by genetics, is what makes it wrong to kill fetuses, and applies to fetuses from conception

Which of the following is not one of the suggestions rejected by Noonan

A fetus is a person when it has a heartbeat

Judith Thomson's violinist thought experiment is intended to establish

the right to life does not guarantee a right not to be killed

Thomson asserts that if a fetus has a right to life it has a right to

not be killed unjustly

What comes closest to what Thomson thinks?

No clear point at which a fetus becomes a person, but it does so sometime after the first week of gestation

According to Thomson if a woman has unprotected, consensual sex she

still has not extended any rights to any resulting fetus

According to Thomson the difference between moral injustice and indecency turns on

whether a right is violated

With the Henry Fonda example, Thomson claims

it doesn't matter the difficulty, even if he can save her life, she has no right that he do so

The purpose of Thomson's people seeds argument was to make the claim that a fetus from

consensual sex does not have a right to use a woman's body

According to Mary Anne Warren, being human

is not the same thing as being a person

Which of the following is not one of the six criteria of personhood according to Warren?

imagination

When discussing the criteria of personhood, Warren clearly claims that

anything that lacks all 6 is not a person

According to the proportional rights argument moral rights are

Stronger or weaker depending on ones similarity to persons

Warren says that moral rights are

invented by moral agents and can be extended to things that are not moral agents

Warren explicitly said

a fetus bears no resemblance to persons at conception and gradually comes to resemble a person as it develops

Don Marquis argues that fetuses have

the same features as adults that makes it wrong to kill adults

In his discussion of potentiality Marquis claims that

when an adult is killed her merely potential future is taken from her

In reply to the contraception objection, Marquis claims that

in successful contraception there is no objectively determinate individual harmed

According to his Zygote Argument, Eugene Mills suggests that an adult human may be identical with

an unfertilized ovum AND an oocyte

Eugene Mills claims that his argument proves that

Marquis' defense against the contraception objection fails

The following quote is from which philosopher?


"For the basic moral rights of an actual person outweigh the rights of a merely potential person, whenever the two conflict"

Mary Anne Warren

The following quote is from which philosopher?


"Having a right to life does not guarantee having either a right to be given the use of a right to be allowed continued us of another person's body—even if it needs it for life itself"

Judith Thomson

The following quote is from which philosopher?


"Thus a discussion of what it is about us that makes killing us not only wrong, but seriously wrong, seems to be the right place to begin a discussion of the abortion issue"

Don Marquis

The following quote is from which philosopher?


"So if I was never a zygote, then I didn't exist before or during the existence of the zygote"

Eugene Mills

Marquis explicitly says that the FlO is a feature that

adults and fetuses have in common