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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Intensional Definition
gives meaning of term by specifying all the properties to come to the definition/everything necessary/sufficient to be included in set
Extensional Definition
Every object that falls under the definition of the concept or term
Genus and Difference
Intensional defintion- specific differences that lead to a meaning
Operational Definition
Intensional definition- set of validation tests used to determine its presence eg. IQ tests for intelligence
Ostensive Definition
Extensional definition- conveys meaning of term by pointing out examples
Synonymous Definition
Intensional definition- trade intension of a known word for an unknown word
Etymological definition
Intensional definition- where the word came from
Stipulative definition
a type of definition in which a new or currently-existing term is given a specific meaning for the purposes of argument or discussion in a given context
Lexical definition
type of definition likely to be found in library. Common usage of the term
Precising Definition
is a definition that extends the dictionary definition of a term for a specific purpose by including additional criteria that narrow down the set of things meeting the definition.
Theoretical Definition
gives the meaning of a word in terms of the theories of a specific discipline.
Persuasive Definition
is a form of definition which purports to describe the 'true' or 'commonly accepted' meaning of a term, while in reality stipulating an uncommon or altered use, usually to support an argument for some view, or to create or alter rights, duties or crimes.
appeal to emotions
fallacy of using emotions in place of relevant reasons as premises in an argument
appeal to popularity
the fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true merely because a substantial number of people believe it
Genetic fallacy
the fallacy of arguing a claim is true or false solely because of its origin
Ad hominem
the fallacy of rejecting the claim by criticizing the person who makes it rather than the claim itself
appeal to ignorance
the fallacy arguing that a lack of evidence proves something/claim must be true because it hasn't shown to be false
composition/division
the fallacy of thinking that what is true for the parts is true for the whole, what is true for the whole is true for the parts
equivocation
fallacy of using a word in two different senses in an argument
red herring
fallacy of deliberately raising an irrelevant issue during an argument. Put forth a claim and then couple it with claims that appear to support it but in fact are mere distractions
straw man
fallacy of distorting, weakening, or oversimplifying someone's position so it can be more easily attacked
appeal to tradition
fallacy of arguing a claim is true just because it's part of a tradition
Begging the Question
fallacy of attempting to establish the conclusion of an argument by using the conclusion as a premise
Hasty Generalizations
the fallacy of drawing a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size
Slippery slope
the fallacy of arguing, without good reasons, that taking a particular step will inevitably lead to further, undesirable steps
false dilemma
the fallacy of asserting there are only two alternatives to consider when there are more than two
faulty analogy
a defective argument by analogy