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205 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bodhidharma |
Patriarch of Chinese Zen (Brought Zen to China) |
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Satori |
The first discernment of Zen. Zen's spiritual goal. Roughly translated in English as "enlightenment". |
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Vajrayana |
The Diamond Way or Tantric Buddism - It's roots are in India, but Tibet perfected it. Survives in Japan as Shingon Buddism. |
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Vajra |
Sanskrit word meaning both "thunderbolt" and "diamond". The thunderbolt was the symbol for the Hindu rain god Indra. Later, it became Buddha's diamond scepter. |
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Tantra |
Hindu/Buddhist texts focusing on the how everything relates. Hinduism pioneered such texts, but Buddhism gave them a place of pride. Tantra is the essence of Vajrayana (the Diamond Way) |
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Tibetan Buddhism |
-The Diamond Way -Vajrayana -Tantric Buddhism |
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Tibetan Buddists believe a person can reach nirvana in ___ _____________ _____________. |
Tibetan Buddists believe a person can reach Nirvana in a single lifetime. |
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How does Tibetan Buddhist meditation differ from Zen and the raja joga of Hinduism? |
During meditation, Tibetan Buddhists are always moving and chanting. Audibly and visually something is always going on. |
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Upaya |
Translated as "skillful means", upaya is any activity that helps others realize enlightenment. |
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Bodhisattva |
The word bodhisattva means "enlightenment being." Bodhisattvas are beings who work for the enlightenment of all beings, not just themselves. They vow not to enter Nirvana until all beings enter Nirvana together. |
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Tantric sexual practice is pursued under supervision of a ________. |
Tantric sexual practice is pursued under supervision of a GURU. |
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Mantra |
A sacred utterance, numinous sound, or a syllable, word, phonemes, or group of words believed by some to have psychological and spiritual power. "Convert noise into sound and distracting chatter into holy formulas" |
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Mudra |
Symbolic gesture of the hands and fingers. |
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Mandala |
A spiritual and ritual symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism, representing the Universe. |
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Mandala: A spiritual and ritual symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism, representing the Universe. |
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Mudra: Symbolic gesture of the hands and fingers. |
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Lama |
Lama is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism. The name is similar to the Sanskrit term guru. |
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Vedas |
Vedas: Hindu Scriptures (many different books) which are the world's most ancient scriptures. |
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Agamas |
Hymns that are "god's" word and the bedrock of Sanatana Dharma, the eternal religion which has neither beginning nor end. |
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Sanatana Dharma |
Sanatana Dharma is an alternative name for "Hinduism" which was used in the Hindu revivalism movement to avoid using the word "Hindu" which had non-native roots in Persia. |
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Brahman |
Brahman is Supreme Being who, according to Hinduism, is Creator and Unmanifest Reality.
Brahman is also immanent (permanently pervading and sustaining the universe) and transcendent (existing apart from and not subject to the limitations of the material universe). |
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Brahma |
Brahma is one of the three supreme deities in Hinduism known as "Trimurti" or "the Hindu triad".
Brahma is the "god of creation".
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Trimurti |
The cosmic functions of creation, maintenance and destruction personified in the forms of Brahma the creator, Vishnu the maintainer/preserver and Shiva the destroyer/transformer.
Also called "the Hindu triad", the "Great Trinity" or "Brahma-Vishnu-Maheshwara". |
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Vishnu |
Vishnu is one of the three supreme deities in Hinduism known as "Trimurti" or "the Hindu triad".
Vishnu is the "Preserver" or the "Protector".
Vishnu is the supreme god of Vaishnavism.
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Shiva |
Shiva is one of the three supreme deities in Hinduism known as "Trimurti" or "the Hindu triad".
Shiva is the "Destroyer" or the "Transformer".
Shiva is the supreme god of Shaivism. |
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Karma |
The law of cause/effect by which each individual creates his own destiny by his thoughts, words, and deeds. |
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Reincarnation |
Reincarnation: the soul reincarnates, evolving through many births until all karmas have been resolved and moksha is attained. Not a single soul will be deprived of karma resolution/moksha. |
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Moksha |
Spiritual knowledge and liberation from the cycle of rebirth.
Freedom from the differentiated, temporal, mortal world of ordinary experience.
Not a single soul will be deprived of this destiny. |
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Satgugu |
-Spiritually awakened master. -A supremely wise guide. -"True guru" -Different from other gurus. The title "Satguru" is given specifically only to an enlightened rishi/sant whose life's purpose is to guide initiated shishya along the spiritual path. |
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Ahimsa |
-Non-injury. A Hindu/Buddist doctrine to refrain from harming any living being. |
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Kama |
Kama: "Pleasure, fun" (Sanskrit).
Kama is one of the four aims of life in Hinduism. |
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Artha |
Artha: "Wealth, prosperity" (Sanskirt).
Artha is one of the four aims of life in Hinduism. |
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Dharma |
Dharma: "Duty" (Sanskrit). It is an individual's duty fulfilled by observance of custom or law.
Dharma is one of the four aims of life in Hinduism. |
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Moksha |
Moksha: "Liberation" (Sanskirt). Moksha is the release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma.
Moksha is on of the four aims of life in Hinduism. |
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Four Aims of Life in Hinduism |
1. Kama (pleasure, fun) 2. Artha (wealth, success) 3. Dharma (duty) 4. Moksha (Liberation) |
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Four Yogas in Hinduism |
1. Jnana - Knowledge (most difficult) 2. Bhakti - Love (most popular) 3. Karma - Selfless action 4. Raja - Psychophysical Exercises
Hinduism does not consider one yoga exclusive of the others, people may practice all of them. |
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Jnana Yoga |
Jnana Yoga is the path to liberation through knowledge. This knowledge is cultivated through learning, thinking and detachment.
Jnana Yoga is the most difficult of the four yogas. It is said to be the shortest, but steepest path to enlightenment. |
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Bhakti Yoga |
Bhakti Yoga is the path to liberation through love.
Bhakti Yoga is the most popular of the four paths, one must simply love god dearly for love's sake alone. The more the yogi loves god, the less grip the world has on them.
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The 3 approaches of Bhakti Yoga |
1) Japam 2) Ringing the changes on love 3) Worship of one's chosen ideal |
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Japam |
A practice used by Bhakti yogi of repeating god's name over and over no matter what they are doing.
"These verbal droplets of aspiration soak down into the subconscious, loading it with the divine." |
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Karma Yoga |
Karma yoga is the path to enlightenment through work. The karma yogi's acts are done selflessly for service to god.
Karma yoga can be practiced in the language of jnana (knowledge) or bhakti (love/devoted service). |
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Raja Yoga |
Raja yoga is the way to enlightenment through psychophysical excercises.
Raja yogis practice mental excercises and observe the effects. There are 8 steps of experiementation designed to drive the psychic energy to the deepest part to activate the lost self. |
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The 4 Layers of Humans (According to Raja Yoga) |
1. Body 2. Mind 3. Subconscious 4. Divine-self |
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Raja Yoga's 8 Steps of Experimentation |
1. Abstain from injury/lying/theft/greed/lust 2. Practice cleanliness, contentment, self-control, studioness, contemplation. 3. Remove bodily distractions 4. Respiratory mastery 5. Close perception 6. Concentration 7. Meditation 8. "Samadhi" (together with lord) |
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Asana |
Asana is a posture or manner of sitting.
The Hindu texts describe 84 postures, but only 5 are considered important for meditation. The lotus position is most commonly known. |
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Samadhi |
Samadhi is the highest stage of meditation.
Samadgu us the achievement of a goal where one comes face-to-face with his own atman (together with lord). |
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4 Stages of Life in Hinduism |
1. Apprentice/Student 2. Householder 3. Retirement 4. Sannyasin |
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Hindu Stage of Life: Apprentice/Student |
Stage of life: apprentice/student -
-Begins after a rite of initiation, between ages 8-12 and last for 12 years. -Student typically lives with the teacher. -Habits should be cultivated and character acquired. |
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Hindu Stage of Life: Householder |
Stage of life: Householder -
-Begins at marriage -Energies turn outward to family/job/community -Stage to pursue first 3 aims of life (pleasure, success and duty) |
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Hindu Stage of Life: Retirement |
Stage of life: Retirement -
-Begins any time after the arrival of first grandchild -Those who respond fully are known as forest dwellers, leaving the comforts of family/home and plunge into solitude to find enlightenment. |
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Hindu Stage of Life: Sannyasin |
Stage of life: Sannyasin -
-The enlightened pilgrim returns to the world, but as a different person with no fixed place, no obligations, no goal, no belongings, no expectations, no pride -"Lives identified with the eternal self and beholds nothing else" |
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4 Stations of Life in Hinduism (aka Castes) |
1. Seers 2. Administrators 3. Producers 4. Followers
A 5th group later emerged as "the outcasts" or "untouchables". |
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Castes |
There are four castes in Hinduism: seers, administrators, producers, and followers. There are over 3000 subcastes.
Privledges go to the higher caste at the expense of the lower. Castes are hereditary, one is placed into the case their were born into. |
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Hindu Caste: Seers (aka brahmins) |
-Highest caste -Reflective -Civilizations intellectual/spiritual leaders |
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Hindu Caste: Administrators (or kshatriyas) |
-Second to highest caste -Genius for orchestrating people and projects in ways that make the most of human talent |
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Hindu Caste: Producers (or vaishyas) |
-Third to highest cast -Artisans, farmers, skillful in creating things |
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Hindu Caste: Followers (or shudras) |
-Bottom caste (except for outcasts) -Servants -Unskilled laborers -Happier working for others |
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Brahmins (or seers) |
-The seers in the Hindu caste system -Highest caste -Reflective -Civilizations intellectual/spiritual leaders |
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Kshatriyas |
-The administrators in the Hindu caste system -Second to highest caste -Genius for orchestrating people and projects in ways that make the most of human talent |
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Vaishyas |
-The producers in the Hindu caste system -Third to highest cast -Artisans, farmers, skillful in creating things |
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Shudras |
-The followers in the Hindu caste system -Bottom caste (except for outcasts) -Servants -Unskilled laborers -Happier working for others |
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Dalit |
Dalit are the outcaste (aka the untouchables) at the bottom of the Hindu caste system. |
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Atman-Self |
-Brahman -Ultimate Reality |
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Brahman |
-Atman-self -Ultimate Reality |
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Law of Karma |
The moral law of cause and effect. The present condition of one's life is the product of past decisions. |
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Reincarnation |
Reincarnation (aka samsara in Sanskrit) is endless passage through cycles of life, death & rebirth. |
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Samsara |
Samsara (aka reincarnation) is endless passage through cycles of life, death & rebirth. |
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Saguna Brahman |
God-with-attributes |
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Nirguna Brahman |
God-without-attributes |
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Saguna |
Brahman with attributes.
Brahman as the creative agent behind the universe of forms and phenomena. |
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Nirguna |
Brahman without attributes.
Brahman as Ultimate Reality transcendent of the manifest cosmos that is without characteristics whatsoever. |
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Satchitananda |
Being-Consciousness-Bliss
The experience of Nirguna Brahman that the sages are said to have known. |
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Paramatman |
"Higher-self" or "Oversoul"
Related to Brahman in the same way sparks of a fire are related to the fire itself. The goal (moksha) is to experience the self as the paramatman instead of one's ego. One must transcend the limitations of normal cognition to realize the paramatman. |
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Ashramas |
The four stages of life in Hinduism.
1) Student 2) Householder 3) Forest-dweller 4) Ascetic sage |
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Bhagavad Gita |
"Song of the Lord"
The best loved and most influential of all Hindu scriptures. The Gita is part of the Mahabharata which may be the longest poem ever written.
Krishna, a incarnation of God, is a divine hero of the Mahabharata and the "Lord" in this song. |
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Purusharthas |
The four aims of life.
1) Sensual/aesthetic pleasure (kama) 2) Economic well-being (artha) 3) Duty/virtue (dharma) 4) Spiritual liberation (moksha) |
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Path of Desire |
Pleasure (kama) and success (artha), the first two aims of life in Hinduism.
"They use this phrase because the personal desires of the individual have thus far been foremost in charting life's course." |
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Path of Renunciation |
Duty/virtue (dharma), the third aim of life in Hinduism.
The Path of Renunciation comes after the Path of Desire. "If people could be satisfied by following their impulses, the thought of renunciation would never arise." |
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Sannyasin |
"One who neither hates nor loves anything"
Beyond retirement, the final stage where liberation is reached is the state of the sannyasin. |
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Jiva (or giva?) |
An individual's soul (Hinduism).
The process by which a jiva passes through a sequence of bodies is known as reincarnation. |
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Shleimut |
A fundamental goal in Judaism. The realization of wholeness, completeness, unity, and peace. |
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Mikveh |
In Judaism a mikveh is a ritual bath used to ritually clean someone, specifically, a woman newly off her period. |
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Ketubah |
A Jewish prenuptial agreement. |
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Halakhah |
Jewish law as derived from 3 sources: the Torah, laws instituted by the rabbis, and from long-standing customs. |
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Laws of Onah |
Jewish laws regarding the sexual satisfaction married women. |
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Agunah |
A Jewish married woman who is not living with her husband, but has not been released from her marriage. |
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Berit milah |
Judaism's circumcision ceremony |
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Tanakh |
Acronym for Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim. |
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Laws of niddah |
Laws about the wife's menstral cycle (period + 7 days before physical contact). |
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Sh'ma Yis'ra'eil Adonai Elohim Adonai echad |
Hear Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One. |
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30 C.E. |
Death of Jesus of Nazareth |
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What is the date of Jesus' death? |
30 C.E. |
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100 - 165 C.E. |
Life span of Justin Martyr, a leading apologist. He is a martyr and considered a Saint. |
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Justin Martyr |
Life Span: 100 - 165 C.E.
He was a leading apologist, a martyr and considered a Saint. |
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185 - 254 C.E. |
Dates of Origen Adamantius.
Origen was a leading theologian, scholar, and the first to write a systematic theological commentary on the whole Bible. |
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Origen Adamantius |
Dates: 185 - 254 C.E.
Origen was a leading theologian, scholar, and the first to write a systematic theological commentary on the whole Bible. |
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313 C.E. |
The date Christians were freed of legal persecution. |
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The year when Christians were freed of legal persecution. |
313 C.E. |
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325 C.E. |
First Council of Nicea |
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Date of First Council of Nicea |
325 C.E. |
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354 - 430 C.E. |
Life span of Augustine, a leading theologian. |
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Life span of Augustine |
354 - 430 C.E. |
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451 C.E. |
Council of Chalcedon |
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Year of the Council of Chalcedon |
451 C.E. |
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480 - 500 C.E. |
Benedict of Nursia (Saint Benedict), the father of Western Monasticism |
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Dates for Benedict of Nursia (Saint Benedict), the father of Western Monasticism |
480 - 500 C.E. |
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540 - 604 C.E. |
Pope Gregory I, founder of Medieval Papacy. He was the first medieval pope. |
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Pope Gregory I (dates) |
540 - 604 C.E. |
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787 C.E. |
Second Council at Nicea |
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Date of Second Council at Nicea |
787 C.E. |
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869 - 870 C.E. |
Intensified disputes between Rome and Eastern bishops. |
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Date of intensified disputes between Rome and Eastern bishops |
869 - 870 C.E. |
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1054 C.E. |
Great Schism between Rome and Constantinople. |
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Date of great schism between Rome and Constantinople |
1054 C.E. |
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1096 - 1099 C.E. |
First Crusade to conquer Palestine |
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Date of first Crusade to conquer Palenstine |
1096 - 1099 C.E. |
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1225 - 1274 C.E. |
Thomas Aquinas, leading theologian. |
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Dates of Thomas Aquinas (leading theologian) |
1225 - 1274 C.E. |
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1369 - 1415 C.E. |
John Hus, Bohemian Reformer |
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Dates for John Hus (Bohemian Reformer) |
1369 - 1415 C.E. |
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1517 C.E. |
Luther's Ninety-Five Theses |
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Date of Luther's Ninety-Five Theses |
1517 C.E. |
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1509 - 1564 C.E. |
John Calvin, leading theologian |
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Dates of John Calvin (leading theologian) |
1509 - 1564 C.E. |
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1545 - 1563 C.E. |
Council of Trent |
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Dates of Council of Trent |
1545 - 1563 C.E. |
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1620 C.E. |
Pilgrims sign Mayflower compact |
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Date the pilgrims sign the Mayflower compact |
1620 C.E. |
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1703 - 1791 C.E. |
Dates of John Wesley, founder of Methodism. |
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Dates for John Wesley (founder of Methodism) |
1703 - 1791 C.E. |
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1869 - 1870 C.E. |
First Vatican Council in Rome |
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Dates of First Vatican Council in Rome |
1869 - 1870 C.E. |
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1910 C.E. |
Beginning of Protestant ecumenical movement |
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Date of Protestant ecumenical movement |
1910 C.E. |
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1962-1965 C.E. |
Dates of Second Vatican Council in Rome |
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Dates of Second Vatican Council in Rome |
1962 - 1965 C.E. |
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The Nicene Creed |
The Nicene Creed is the most widely accepted and used brief statements of the Christian Faith. |
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What is the most widely accepted brief statements of the Christian faith? |
The Nicene Creed |
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Gnosticism |
Gnosticism denied that Jesus was truly man.
The Apostles Creed was drawn up to repudiate this error. |
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Arianism |
Arianism denied that Jesus was fully God.
The Nicene Creed was drawn up to repudiate this error. |
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Arius |
-A presbyter (elder) in Alexandria, Egypt in the early 300's.
-Arius taught that the Father created (or begot) the Son, and that the Son, in conjunction with the Father, then proceeded to create the world.
-Arius was excommunicated by a council of Egyptian bishops. He continued to write Bishops to defend his position.
-These events caused Constantine to summon a council of Bishops in Nicea and 325 Bishops of the Church, by a decided majority, repudiated Arius and produced the first draft of the Nicene Creed.
-The Arian position has been revived by the Watchtower Society (JW's) who hail Arius as a great witness of truth. |
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Athanasius |
-Deacon of Alexandria -Chief spokesman for the full deity of Christ -Assistant (and later successor) to Alexander |
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MONOGENETOS HUIOS |
Greek for "only Son" or "only begotten Son" |
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Gloria Patri |
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, both now and ever and unto the ages of ages. Amen. |
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380 C.E. |
Christianity becomes the official religion of the Roman Empire. |
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Year Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire. |
380 C.E. |
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1054 C.E. |
The first great division in the Church; the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East and the Roman Catholic Church in the West. |
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The year the Eastern Orthodox Church split from the Roman Catholic Church |
1054 C.E. |
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The Protestant Principle |
No idols; don't make an absolute out of the relative. |
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Hadith |
Islam. Traditional account of things said or done by Muhammad or his companions. |
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Sunnis |
Islam. Majority Muslim group. |
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Shi'ites |
Islam. Minority Muslim group. |
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Jihad |
Islam. A war/struggle against unbelievers. |
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Shahadah |
Islam. The first of the five pillars. It is Islam's creed, or confession of faith. |
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The Five Pillars of Islam |
1) Islam's creed (Shahadah) 2) Canonical Prayer (5 times a day) 3) Charity 4) Observance of Ramadan (fasting) 5) Pilgrimage (journey to Mecca once at least) |
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Ramadan |
Islam's holy month. The month when Muhammad received his initial revelation, and when he made his historic Hijrah (migration) from Mecca to Medina. Muslims must fast from food/drink/smoke during the day, and only in moderation after sundown. |
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Hijrah |
Islam. A migration. Muhammad did a historic migration from Mecca to Medina during the month of Ramadan. |
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Five Precepts of Buddhism |
1. Avoid killing/harming living beings 2. Avoid stealing 3. Avoid sexual misconduct 4. Avoid lying 5. Avoid alcohol and other intoxicates |
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70 B. C. |
The temple was destroyed for a 2nd time, Judaism shifted away from the sacrificial rites of the temple to the study of the Torah & oral tradition in academics and synagogues. Priests were no longer functional, rabbis held Judaism together. |
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Date Jewish temple was destroyed the 2nd time |
70 B. C. |
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1948 |
Isreal becomes a state |
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Date Isreal became a state |
1948 |
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The first Hebrew person |
Abraham. He was the first of a "chosen people" |
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Number of commands in Hebrew Bible |
613 |
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Stages of prophetic movement |
1. Guilds. No ethical dimension in this stage. 2. Individual pre-written. Examples: Elijah, Elisha, Nathan. They challenged individuals. 3. Writing prophets. Examples: Amos, Hosea. They challenged corruptions in society. |
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Midrashim |
Collection of legend, exegesis, and homily. Completed in the middle ages. |
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Two dogmas proclaimed by Catholic popes |
1. The immaculate conception (Mary had no original sin) 2. The assumption (Mary was assumed into heaven without bodily death) |
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What is a liturgical church? |
Follows a script in services |
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Non-liturgical churches are also known as____. |
Non-creedal churches. |
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Gnosticism |
Says matter is evil and spirit is good. |
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Gnostic vs agnostic vs credo |
Gnostic: Knows Agnostic: Don't know Credo: Believes |
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Language Jesus spoke |
Aramaic |
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Sacrament |
Means of grace. Has an outward visible sign of inward spiritual grace. |
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Orthodox Church wrote_____. |
The Creed & the Bible |
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Seven sacraments and visible signs |
1. Baptism (water) 2. Confirmation/chrismation (oil/hands) 3. Eucharist (bread & wine) 4. Confession/reconciliation (forgiveness) 5. Holy matrimony (ring/sex) 6. Holy unction/healing (oil) 7. Holy orders |
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Inclusivist |
The inclusivist believes salvation is available to all people & all religions. They believe that Christ saves everyone of every religion, and, therefore, feel no need to convert others to Christianity. |
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Pluralism |
A pluralist believes the great world faiths are authentic and valid paths to salvation, and salvation is not dependent on Christ. |
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The five points of fundamentalism |
1. The inerrancy of scripture 2. The divinity of Christ 3. The virgin birth 4. The substitutionary theory of the Atonement 5. The physical resurrection and bodily return of Christ |
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Niagara Conference |
Took place in 1895. This conference issued a statement of belief later called "the five points of fundamentalism". |
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Stages of Faith (James Fowler) |
1. Intuitive/Projective 2. Mythic/Literal 3. Synthetic/Conventional 4. Individuative/Reflective 5. Conjunctive 6. Universalizing |
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Am Yisrael Chai |
"The people of Isreal live" |
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1st commandment of Judaism |
Be fruitful and multiply |
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Talmud |
Commentary (explanation of what Yahweh meant) |
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Christian beliefs regarding Jesus' siblings |
Orthodox: Stepsiblings from Joseph Roman Catholic: Semitic cousins Protestant: Siblings |
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Christian beliefs regarding Mary's virginity |
Orthodox: Perpetual Virgin (always a virgin) Roman Catholic: Perpetual Virgin Protestant: Virgin a Jesus' birth, not after that |
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Difference between Catholic and catholic |
Catholic: Roman Catholic catholic: universal |
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Five Apostle Sees |
1. Jerusalem 2. Antioch 3. Alexandria 4. Rome 5. Constantople |
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Orthodox vs Roman Catholic structure |
Orthodox = Consiliar (round table) Roman Catholic = Monaschical (pyramid) |
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Vedas & Agamas |
Hindu scriptures. Hymns that are God's word and the bedrock of Sanatana Dharma. |
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Dhammapada |
Collection of Buddha's sayings in verse form. Most widely read and best known Buddhist scriptures. |
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Nyu nan shin |
Zen. Nyu nan shin means a smooth, natural mind. |
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Author of Be Like a Frog |
Shunryu Suzuki |
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Koans |
Zen stories |
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Mishnah |
Canonical documents of rabbinic Judaism |
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Talmud |
Canonical documents of rabbinic Judaism |
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Halakhah |
Jewish law |
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Meaning of Allah |
"The god" |
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Muhammad is called______. |
"The seal of the prophets" - No valid prophets will follow him. |
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Birthdate of Muhammad |
570 A. D. In Mecca |
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La ilaha illa 'llah |
"There is no god but God" (Islam) |
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La ilaha illa 'llah |
"There is no god but God" (Islam) |
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Khadija |
Muhammad's wife |
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Hijra |
The migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib in 622. |
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Medina |
City previously called Yathrib, later named Medinat al-Nabi (the city of the prophet) and then shortened to Medina. Muhammad and his followers migrated to Yathrib from Mecca in 622. |
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Ka'ba |
A cubical temple (said to have been built by Abraham) that Muhammad rededicated to Allah and adopted as Islam's focus. |
