Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Logic?
|
The study of good or correct reasoning
|
|
What is Reasoning?
|
The process by which one passes from certain known facts to new facts.
|
|
Formal logic
|
focusing on the form or patterns of reasoning... the "equation" with variables instead of sentences.
|
|
"If X then Y. But not Y. Therefore, not X." an example of_________ logic?
|
Formal Logic
Modus tollens |
|
Informal Fallacies
|
Some common patterns of reasoning that are often bad- are bad for reasons other than the formal features of the argument.
|
|
Conjunction Truth Function
|
A conjunction is true when both conjuncts are true.
It is false if either or both conjuncts are false |
|
Negation Truth Function
|
A negation is true if the negated statement is false; and a negation is false if the negated statement is true
|
|
(Inclusive) Disjunction Truth Function
|
A disjunction is true if either or both disjuncts are true. It is false if both disjuncts are false.
|
|
Conditional Truth Function
|
A conditional statement is false if it has the combination of a true antecedent and a false consequent. In all other conditions, conditional is true.
|
|
Biconditional Truth Function
|
A biconditional is true if the component statements have the same truth value; and it is false if they have different truth values.
|
|
What logic operator is '~ Q' and example of?
|
Negation [not Q]
|
|
'P v Q' is an example of which operator?
|
Disjuntion [P or Q]
|
|
'P • Q' is an example of which of the 5 operators?
|
Conditional
|
|
Which operator is displayed by
'P Ξ Q' ? |
Biconditional
|
|
What are the 5 statement operators?
|
1. Conjunction
2. Disjunction 3. Negation 4. Conditional 5. Biconditional |
|
"X and Y" is an example of which sentential operators?
|
Conjunction
|
|
"If S then T" is an example of which operator?
|
Conditional
|
|
"A. Not A" displays which sentential operator?
|
Negation
|
|
"W if and only if Z" is an example of which statement operator?
|
Biconditional
|
|
"Either Q or P" is an example of which operator?
|
Disjunction
|
|
"Necessary" and "sufficient" are examples of which operator?
|
Conditional
|
|
True or False - "the thing that is the necessary condition is the consequent"
|
TRUE
|
|
When making a truth table, what should be placed first [in column 1, 2...etc.]?
|
Atomic statements
|
|
Which is the correct order of parenthesis?
A. (~{ [Q v S] • [S v R] }) B. (~ [{Q v S} • {S v R} ]) C. [~( {Q v S} • {S v R} )] D. [~{ (Q v S) • (S v R) }] |
D. [ { (X) } ]
|
|
What are the 3 types of statements?
|
tautology, contradiction, contingency
|
|
If a statement is FALSE no matter what, it is _________.
|
A contradiction
|
|
If a statement is TRUE no matter what, it is __________.
|
A tautology
|
|
If a statement is either true or false, then the statement is a ________.
|
A contingency
|
|
A ________ is True when BOTH conjuncts are TRUE.
It is FALSE IF EITHER OR BOTH conjuncts are FALSE. |
A conjunction
|
|
A ______ is TRUE when the (____) statement is FALSE.
And it is FALSE when the (____) statement is TRUE. |
A negation / negated
|
|
A ______ is TRUE when EITHER or BOTH ___ are true.
FALSE IF BOTH FALSE. |
A disjunction
|
|
Φ Ξ Ψ [what is it/ when is it used?]
|
Biconditional
IF & ONLY IF |
|
Φ • Ψ [What/when used?]
|
Conjunction
AND BOTH ...& |
|
Φ v Ψ [What is it/ when is it used?]
|
Disjunction
EITHER ... OR OR |
|
~Φ ~Ψ [What is it/ when used?]
|
Negation
NOT DOESN'T |
|
Φ › Ψ
|
Conditional
IF ... THEN SUFFICIENT THAT NECESSARY THAT |
|
Φ › Ψ
When is this FALSE? |
when Φ is TRUE but Ψ is FALSE
|
|
Φ v Ψ
WHEN IS THIS FALSE? |
when BOTH Φ and Ψ are FALSE
|
|
Φ • Ψ
When is this FALSE? |
when EITHER or BOTH are FALSE
|