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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What class of drug is Phenytoin
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An Anticonvulsant
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What is Phenytoin normally used to treat?
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Grand Mal and Focal motor seizure activity.
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How does Phenytoin work?
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It inhibits the spread of seizure activity by promoting sodium efflux from neurons thereby stabilizing the threshold of the neuron against excitabiltiy caused by excess stimulation
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What else can you treat with Phenytoin besides seizures?
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Digitalis-induced atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias by stabilizing the abnormal ventricular automaticity, and increasin atrioventricular node conduction.
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What is the onset and duration?
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Onset: 20-30 min for seizure disorder
Duration: Several days. |
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Why do you give Phenytoin?
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Major motor seizures and status eliepticus.
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Why wouldn't you give Phenytoin to a seizure pt?
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Hypersensitivity, sinus bradycadia, 2nd and 3rd degree heart block, Sinoatrial block.
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What adverse reaction may occur when you give Phenytoin
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Hypotension with rapid IV push. (greater than 50 mg/min)
Cardiovascular collapse with rapid IV use. Dysrhythmias, Bradycardia, Res. Depression., CNS Dep. Ataxia, Nystagmus, Thrombophlebitis. |
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How is it supplied?
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50 mg/mL in 2 and 5mL: ampules, 2mL prefilled syringes
May be diluted in NS (1-10 mg/mL, per protocol) use in line filter. IV line should be flushed with .9% NS before and after administration. |
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What is your dosages for adult seizures?
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Adult: 1000mg or 15-20mg/kg usual loading dose. SLOW IV
Not to exceed 1 g or rate of 50mg/min followed by 100-150 mg/dose at 30 min intervals (max of 1500 mg/24hrs) |
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What is your max dose for a pedi?
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10-20 mg/kg slow IV (<0.5 mg/kg/min) loading dose
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What should you consider?
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Pregnancy Safety: D
Slight yellow color. Monitor Vitals. Venous irritation can occur. Large stable vein for injection. ** use w/caution in pt with pulmonary, cadio, hepatic or renal insufficiency. |
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What may this drug interact with?
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Anticoagulants, cimetidine, sulfonamides, and salicylates.
Chronic Alcohol consumption induces metabolism of the drug |
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What may increase cardiac depressant effects?
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Lidocaine propranolol, and other beta blocking agents.
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What may occur when mixed with D5W?
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precipitation.
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