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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hexamethonium
Trimethaphan Mecamylamine |
Nicotinic antagonists (ganglion blockers)
CLINICAL USES: Rarely used due to its toxicities NOTES: Blocks both SANS and PANS; effectively reduces predominant tone |
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Bethanechol
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CLINICAL USES:
Ileus (postop/neurogenic); Urinary retention NOTES: Heart block, cardiac arrest, syncope |
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Methacholine
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muscarinic receptor agonist used for diagnois of asthma
sensitive to AchE side effects: dyspnea, lightheadedness, headache, pruritis, throat irritation contraindications: recent heart attack or stroke, aortic aneurysm, uncontrolled hypertension |
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carbachol, bethanechol, cevimeline, pilocarpine
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muscarinic receptor agonist used for glaucoma(c), urinary tract motility agent (b), xerostomia in Sjogren's syndrome (ce and p)
side effects: sweating, shivering, nausea, dizziness, increased frequency of urination, rhinitis(oral) contraindications: acute iritis or glaucoma after cataract extraction; narrow angle glaucoma |
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atropine
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mucarinic receptor antagonist used for anticholinesterase overdose, acute symptomatic bradycardia, premedication for anesthetic procedure, excessive salivation and mucus secretion during surgery, antidote to mushroom poisoning
side effects: cardiac arrhythmia, coma, respiratory depression, raised intraocular pressure, tachycardia, constipation, xerostomia, blurred vision contraindications: narrow-angle glaucoma |
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Homatropine
Cyclopentolate Tropicamide |
Muscarinic receptor antagonist; in ophthalmology (topical) used for mydriasis
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ipratropium and tiotropium
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drug used for COPD and asthma
side effects: pralytic ileus, anaphylaxis, oropharyngeal edema, abnormal taste in mouth, xerostomia |
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scopolamine
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muscarinic receptor antagonist used for motion sickness, nausea, vomiting
side effects: alteration in HR, drug induced psychosis, somnolence, xerostomia, blurred vision contraindications: narrow angle glaucoma |
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Pirenzepine, methscopolamine, glycopyrrolate, (dicyclomine??)
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muscarinic receptor antagonist used for peptic ulcer disease, surgically induced or vagally induced bradycardia
side effects: cardiac arrhythmia, malignant hyperthermia, anaphylaxis, seizure, constipation, xerostomia, urinary retention, decreased sweating contraindications: GI obstruction, narrow angle glaucoma |
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Antihistamines
Tricyclics Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) Quinidine Amantadine Meperidine |
Also has anti-muscarinic effects
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Edrophonium (short-acting), neostigmine(4*amine), pyridostigmine(4*amine), ambenomium(4*amine), physostigmine(3*amine)
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inhibitors of acetylcholine degradation used for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, Eaton Lambert syndrome, and disorders of muscle weakness; urinary or GI motility agent, glaucoma, neuromuscular junction diseases(n, py, a); reversal anticholinergic toxicity/induced paralysis in surgery (ph)
side effects: seizure, bronchospasm, cardiac arrhythmia, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, hypotension/hypertension, salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis, vomiting, diarrhea, miosis contraindications: mechanical intestinal or urinary obstruction, concomitant choline ester or depolarizating neuromuscular blocker use, cardiovascular disease |
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Tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine
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inhibitors of acetylcholine degradation used for mild to moderate Alzheimer's and dementia
side effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cramps, anorexia, vivid dream contraindications: treatment associated liver function test abnormalities |
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botulinum toxin
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inhibitor of acetylcholine synthesis (vesicle release inhibition), storage, and release used for focal dystonia, torticollis, achalasia, strabismus, blepharospasm, pain syndrome, winkles, hyperhidrosis
side effects: cardiac arrhythmia, syncope, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis, injection site pain, dyspepsia, dysphagia, muscle weakness, neck pain, eyelid ptosis, fever contraindications: infection at proposed injection site |
