Pharmocology Page 68-104

Front 1

what are the 5 drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia

Back 1

statin
fibric acid
cholestyramine
Niacin
probucol

Front 2

what does stain do?

Back 2

inhibit HMG-CO A reductase enzyme
increase heptic LDL breakdown
decrease cholesterol biosynthesis

Front 3

what does fibric acids do?

Back 3

activate lipoprotein to decrease tryglyceride

Front 4

cholestyramine

Back 4

increase GI bile breakdown
decrease plasma cholesterol

Front 5

Niacin

Back 5

decrease VLDL, LDL synthesis,
decrease tryglyceride level

Front 6

probucol

Back 6

increase LDL breakdown,
inhibit arterial wall fat deposite

Front 7

side effects with anti-lipidemia drugs

Back 7

GI problem
neuro and mm (myositis, myalgia, weakness, parasthesia)
liver toxicity, pancreatitis, blood dyscrasia, arrythmia

Front 8

name the four types of drug relate to respiratory irritation and secretion

Back 8

Mucolytic/Expectorant
anti-histamine
antitussive
decongestant

Front 9

antitussives

Back 9

uses antihistamine ( to act on H1 respiratory receptors)
uses opioids (suppress cough center at the brain stem)
problem: sedation, GI upset, dependence/overuse, decrease productive cough

Front 10

decongestant

Back 10

nasal constrictor
act on Alpha-1 receptor (epinephrine)
problem: cardiac stimulant, increase BP, dependence/overuse, headache, nervousness, nausea

Front 11

mucolytic and expectorants

Back 11

problem: nausea, irritation of mouth
may help during postural drainage

Front 12

antihistamine

Back 12

use for any respiratory irritation, cough, sneeze, allergies
problem: severe sedation, fatigue, blurred vision, dry out respiratory tract

Front 13

name the three bronchodilators

Back 13

beta adrenergic agonists
xanthine devrivative
anticholinergies

Front 14

beta adrenergic agonist

Back 14

-act on BETA-2 receptors in airway smooth mm;
-cAMP to initiate mm relaxation
-oral or inhalation
problem: respiratory irritation/constriction; cardiac and cns stimulant

Front 15

Xanthine

Back 15

mechanism unclear
toxicity-nausea, confusion, seizure, arrythmia, irritability

Front 16

anticholinergic

Back 16

block acetylcholine receptors and prevent mm contraction
use not very often due to dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia, confusion...)

Front 17

name the three airway inflammatory meds

Back 17

glucocorticoid
leukotriene modifiers
cromones

Front 18

glucocorticoids

Back 18

serious side effect and should be inhaled with limited dosage guideline

Front 19

cromones

Back 19

prevent release of histamine
other inflammatory mediators from PULMONARY MASK CELLS

Front 20

2 types of leukotrene modifiers

Back 20

-lipoxygenase inhibitor
-leukotriene receptor blockers
-hepatic toxicity

Front 21

management of asthma

Back 21

traditional method- mild/mod stages (inhaled beta-2 agonist, oral theophylline)
-severe add oral glucocorticoid

newer method- use glucocorticoid from the start

Front 22

bacteria

Back 22

-single cell
-many types
-different from human (rigid cell wall PEPTIDOGLYCANS, diff ribosomes, diff NA metabolism)

Front 23

antibacteria

Back 23

-inhibit cell wall
a) peptidoglygan
b) phospholipids
-inhibition of protein synthesis
a) preventing mRNA binding to the ribosome
-inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis
-bactericidal vs bacteriostatic
-broad spectrum vs narrow spectrum

Front 24

resistance to antibacterial drugs

Back 24

-pump drug out
-change shape of receptor site
-enzyme to attack drug
-modify enzyme recognize by the drug
-prevent drug absorption

Front 25

prevention of resistance to antibacterial drugs

Back 25

use second drug to overcome the resistance
use narrow spectrum drugs

Front 26

adverse effect of antibacterial drugs

Back 26

-hypersensitivity/allergic reaction
-UV sensitivity
-tendon damage
-prevent the spread of infection for testing purposes

Front 27

viral replication 4 steps

Back 27

absorption
penetration/uncoating
biosynthesis
mature and release

Front 28

antiviral drugs

Back 28

-fairly specific
-viralstatic rather than viralcidal
-typically inhibit viral enzyme
-can effect any part of the viral replication process (uncoating, biosynthesis, packaging and assembly)

Front 29

interferons

Back 29

-small proteins, produced endogenously
-control cell division/differentiation
-control immune response

Front 30

antiviral vaccines

Back 30

typically made from modified virus
admin prior to exposure
stim immune system to produce antibodies

Front 31

what is HIV

Back 31

retrovirus that attack T4 LYMPHOCYTES resulting in
a-opportunistic infection
b-cancer

Front 32

anti-HIV drugs

Back 32

reverse transcriptase
(nucleoside /non)
protease
-currently they are using HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) by combining 2 RTI and 1 protease inhibitor

Front 33

reverse transcriptase

Back 33

-prevent conversion of RNA to DNA
nucleoside act as false substrate
nonnucleoside act to block active site
-problems:
neuromuscular (neuropathy, myopathy, joint pain)
fevers, pancreatis, anemia, resistance

Front 34

protease inhibitors

Back 34

(protease-final enzyme in HIV synthesis)
-mimic viral and block protease function
problem:
lipodystrophy (atrophy of limbs with storage of fat in stomach region; hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance)
diarrhea, headache, fatigue

Front 35

fungal infection

Back 35

-systemic or local
-fungal infections-mycosis
-one types: imidazoles

Front 36

imidazols

Back 36

-inhibit enzyme that synthesize membrane component
-can be systemic or local
problems:
locally-few, some resistance
systemically-headache, GI problems, hepatotoxicity, blood dyscrasia

Front 37

cancer drugs

Back 37

alkylating agents
antimetabolic
antibiotics
plant alkaloids
hormones
biologic response modifiers
monoclonal antibodies

Front 38

alkylating agents

Back 38

bind to DNA and prevent it from replicating
causes DNA breakdown

Front 39

antimetabolites

Back 39

act on pathways for DNA synthesis by:
a) inhibit enzyme
b) act as bogus ingredient

Front 40

antibiotics

Back 40

toxic for cancer
inhibit transcription
cause DNA breakdown

Front 41

plant alkaloids

Back 41

inhibit mitosis
-antimicrotubules
-toposiomerase inhibitors- enzyme needed for DNA replication

Front 42

hormones

Back 42

glucocorticoids- leukemia, dec lymphocyte in Hodgkins
breast ca-androgen, antiestrogens
prostate-estrogen, antiandrogen

Front 43

biological response modifers

Back 43

suppress tumor genes
stimulate immune functions
ex: interferons-(inhibit genes (oncogenes) that control neoplastic cells)(stimulate immune system to increase cytotoxic cells)
interleukins-2 (stimulate T lymphocytes to attack cancer cells)

Front 44

monoclonal antibodies

Back 44

mouse myeloma cell bind with B lymphocyte and bind to antigen on tumor cells
cytotoxic or cytostatic effect
angiogenesis inhibitor

Front 45

side effect of cancer chemo

Back 45

hair loss, fatigue, GI problems, anemia, neurotoxicity, skin rash