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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What is t*?
What is Vd? What is Cl? What if F? |
Estimated half-life
Apparent volume distribution Clearance Fraction absorbed (oral availability) |
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2. What is theophylline used for?
What is propranolol used for? |
Asthamtic attacks
Beta blocker used for high blood pressure |
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3. How is the plasma concentration for IV administered drugs?
How is the plasma concentration for orally administered drugs? After absorption is complete for orally administered drugs how is decay? |
Rapid attainment of a peak and an exponential decay process
Absorption and elimination proceed simultaneously having equal rates at the smooth turning points Pure exponential decay that closely resembles the decay seen from the IV route |
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4. Why are the decay patterns similar for IV and oral drugs?
How do the areas under the curve compare for the IV and orally administered drug? |
Decay pattern due to excretion doesn't depend on route of administration
AUC for absorptive route is identical to that of IV route in case of complete absorption **it would be less for an incompletely absorbed drug |
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5. What does exponential decay or half-life represent?
Does half-life depend on initial concentration? After how many half-lives is the concentration just 5% of Co and effectively zero? |
Represents the time during which the concentration falls from C to 1/2C
It is independent of C 4.3 half-lives |
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6. How are k and half-life related?
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Large K means short half-life and vice versa
If k is big then have steep decay If k is small then less steep decay |
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7. What is apparent volume distribution?
What is it's purpose? |
At any time the amount of drug (x) is proportional to the drugs plasma concentration (C)
*relates quantity in body to concentration in blood Tells you what to expect |
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8. What is the formula for apparent volume distribution?
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Cp = x / Vd
Plasma concentration = amount in body(quantity) / Vd (looked up) |
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9. What relation can be used for rapid absorbed (IV administered) drugs?
When is this relation used? |
Co = D/Vd
Initial concentration = dose / Vd When it is desired to achieve a specified plasma level with a single does (loading dose) |
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10. What does clearance tell us?
How is it determined? What is clearance used to calculate? |
Rate of administration or target level
Experimentally as the ratio: elimination rate / plasma conc. "Maintenance dose" when the desired plasma concentration is specified |
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11. What is the "maintenance dose"?
What is the specified concentration? What is this? |
Amount per time
Steady-state concentration (Css) The upper limit approached as time increases **theoretically = (rate/Cl) but is never reached |
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12. What is the practical concentration level?
When is this achieved? What is saturation? |
95% of CC
In a time equal to 4.3 half-lives Giving a drug consistently but eliminating it consistently also |
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13. In practice how is chronic drug usage?
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By single doses taken at discrete intervals
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14. How does intermittent dosage work?
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First dose leads to plasma concentration which then decays exponentially to some residual values
Residual value add to the second dose |
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15. In intermittent dosage what is the maximum peak or upper limit of the peaks?
Why does the drug never go above the maximum peak? |
The first peak concentration and the value of the residual function f
B/c as long as have function excretion system (renal/hepatic) even though add to residual, body excretes more rapidly |
