Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What do antihistamines do?
|
Are used to treat allergic rhinitis, allergic reaction, nausea and vomiting, also for preoperative sedation.
Also used as over-the-counter sleep aids, and as local anesthesia |
|
|
Autocoids?
|
A chemical substance produced by one type of cell that affects the function of different types of cells in the same area
|
|
|
Definition of allergy?
|
Hypersensitivity caused by exposure to an antigen (allergen) resulting in a marked increase in reactivity to that antigen on subsequent exposure, sometimes resulting in harmful consequences.
|
|
|
Allergic reaction?
|
A local or general reaction of an organism following contact with a specific allergen to which it has been previously exposed and sensitized
|
|
|
Histamine?
|
an agonist produced by the immune system. caused inflammation by binding to H1 receptors on the smooth muscle cells within blood vessels causing them to dilate, producing localized edema or swelling
|
|
|
What does H1 cause?
|
vasodilation, increase capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, itching
|
|
|
What does H2 do?
|
Increase gastric acid secretion
|
|
|
Histamine 1 receptors are involved with?
|
allergic response
|
|
|
What other substances are released in an allergic reaction?
|
cytokines, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins
|
|
|
what is the DOC for anaphylaxis?
|
parenteral epinephrine
|
|
|
What does epinephrine do?
|
dilates bronchioles Via B2 receptors (reverses bronchoconstriction)
|
|
|
Pharmacologic effects of antihistamines?
|
-decrease capillary permeability
-smooth muscle dilation is blocked -drugs cause bronchial relaxation -suppress pain and itching by blocking nerve endings -cause sedation -xerostomia -antiemetic and antimotion sickness effect -local anesthetic effects |
|
|
What does antihistamines and histamines compete for?
|
H1 receptors on blood vessel endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.
|
|
|
Types of antihistamines?
|
Diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, promethazine, loratidine, desloratidine, cetiriine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, dimenhydrinate, meclizine, olopatadine, azelastin
|
|
|
What is Patanol and Pataday used for?
|
dry, itchy eyes
|
|
|
What are astepro and patanase used for?
|
nasal use only
|
|
|
Pharmacologic effects unrelated to H1 blocking?
|
CNS depression (sedation)
Anticholinergic (dries up secretions) |
|
|
Adverse CNS effects of antihistamines?
|
CNS depression, sedation, and dizziness
|
|
|
Anticholinergic adverse effects of antihistamines and GI?
|
Gi: anorexia, nausea, and vomiting constipation.
Anticholinergic: xerostomia, blurred vision, urinary retention |
|
|
When taking antihistamines death can be due to?
|
Cardiovascular and respiratory collapse
|
|
|
Phenergan (promethazine)?
|
used as an antipsychotic
used to dry up secretions sedation for anxiety treatment and antiemetic for vomiting. |
|
|
First-Generation antihistamines do what?
|
Cross the blood brain barrier
|
|
|
What is the most common side effect of older antihistamines?
|
sedation
|
|
|
Adverse reactions of sedating antihistamines?
|
stimulation or excitement in children, elderly, and those who use high doses.
N&V, constipation Xerostomia |
|
|
Second generation antihistamines?
|
nonsedating. Do not cross the BBB
|
|
|
Antihistamines less likely to produce sedation?
|
Allegra, claritin, clarinex, zyrtec, astepro, patanol, pataday, patanase, xyzal
|
|
|
Antihistamine combined with decongestant?
|
Claritin D, Allegra D
they are sympathomimetic |
|
|
What was ephedrine once used for?
|
topical decongestant and as a bronchodilator in the treatment for asthma.
|
|
|
What drug is used in making methamphetamine
|
ephedrine
|
|
|
What other agents can be involved in inflammation and allergies?
|
Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxanes, leukotrienes
|
|
|
Prostacycline is produced by?
Thromboxane is produced by? |
-vessel walls. vasodilator
-platelets. vasoconstrictor |
|
|
How are prostaglandins related to dentistry?
|
-implicated in perio disease. -Inflammation of gingival tissues, increase in exudate
-Mediators of inflammatory response -Resorption of alveolar bone -Inhibit osteoblastic activity -Others involved: leukotrienes, cytokines |
|
|
Mifeprex?
|
pregnancy termination
|
|
|
Cytotec?
|
prevents NSAIA-related ulcers
|
|
|
What is a dental pain reliever the may inhibit prostaglandins?
|
eugenol (oil of cloves)
|
|
|
What is approved for allergic rhinitis?
|
Singulair
|
|
|
Kinins?
|
Kallidin and Bradykinin
May play a role in dental disease and mediate pulpal pain. Vasodilation: capillary permeability, edema, pain |
|
|
Substance P?
|
vasodilator and produces hypotension, causes secretion in the salivary glands, increases sodium and water excretion from the kidneys
|
