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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the aminoglycosides
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Aminoglycosides:
Streptomycin Gentamicin Tobramycin Kanamycin Amikacin Neomycin Netilmicin |
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what are the tetracyclines
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Tetracyclines:
Chlortetracycline Oxytetracycline Tetracycline Demeclocycline Methacycline Doxycycline Minocycline |
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Aminoglycosides are what kind of Ab
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broad spectrum Ab
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Tetracyclines are what kind of Ab
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broad spectrum Ab
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Chloramphenicol is what kind of Ab
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broad spectrum Ab
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do aminoglycosides enter the CNS
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Very very poorly absorbed because they are very polar. Very hard for don’t penetrate CNS
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how do you administer aminoglycosides
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Very very poorly absorbed because they are very polar. Very hard for them to cross membranes. Never given orally. Has to be parentally (IV/IM) or topically
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are aminoglycosides biotransformed
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no unchanged drug appears in the urine. Kidney is king. 99% handled by kidney (glomerulor filtration). eliminated entirely by the kidney. One of major toxicities is nephrotoxicity
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where do aminoglycosides distribute
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usually confined to the extracellular fluid
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inside the cell where do aminoglycosides bind
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30s ribosomal subunit (cidal)
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inside the cell where do tetracyclines bind
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30s ribosomal subunit (static)
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how do aminoglycosides kill bacteria
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30s ribosomal binidng = inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis (ie no initiation & misreading of mRNA template = abnormal proteins formed & cause structural changes in bacterial membranes which may cause the bactericidal effect
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how do tetracyclines "static" bacteria
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they have the same mechanisms as aminoglycosides except they don't cause structural changes in bacterial membranes
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how are the structural changes in bacterial membranes caused by aminoglycosides happen
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abnormal proteins are formed caused by misreading of mRNA which sets up pores in membranes and allows a lot of the drug to get inside. They ultimately disrupt the membrane as well = cidal
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in general what are aminoglycosides active against
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aerobic (not anaerobic) gram (-) bacilli. they are also active against staphylococci (aerobic , +) and certain mycobacteria (aerobic, acid fast)
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