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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diabetes is a chronic disorder of?
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protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism
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Preferred protease inhibitor regimen for HIV treatment?
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Lopinavir / ritonavir + emtricitabine + tenofovir
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Common component of all PI based HIV treatments?
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PI boosting with ritonavir
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When should antiretroviral treatment begin for HIV?
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1. Aids defining illness
2. CD4+ count <200 3. Pregnancy 4. HIV nephropathy 5. HBV coinfection |
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The MOA of sulfonylureas for diabetes is?
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1. Stimulate insulin release
2. Reduce glucose output from liver 3. Increase peripheral insulin sensitivity |
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Major common side effects of sulfonylureas?
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1. Hypoglycemia
2. Hyponatremia 3. Diarrhea |
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MOA of PPARg agonists?
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Improvement of target cell response to insulin. PPARg agonists do not increase insulin secretion. PPARg agonists are dependent of existing insulin.
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Treatment for primary and secondary syphillis?
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Benzathine Penicillin G 2.4 million units IM x one dose (non-pregnant women and all men)
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Treatment for primary and secondary syphillis with PCN allergy?
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• Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 2 weeks, or
• Tetracycline 500 mg PO QID x 2 weeks, or • Ceftriaxone 1 gm IM/IV x 8-10 days |
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Treatment for inhaled of gastrointestinal anthrax?
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Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin or
Doxycycline plus another antimicrobial for minimum of 60 days. |
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Treatment for Latent Syphilis?
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Benzathine PCN 2.4 million units IM x 3 doses one week apart
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Treatment for Neurosyphilis?
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Aqueous crystalline penicillin G 18–24 million units per day, administered as 3–4 million units IV every 4 hours or continuous infusion, for 10–14 days
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Inpatient
Treatment? |
– Cefotetan 2 g IV every 12 hours
OR Cefoxitin 2 g IV every 6 hours PLUS Doxycycline 100 mg PO or IV every 12 hours – Clindamycin 900 mg IV every 8 hours PLUS Gentamicin loading dose IV or IM (2 mg/kg of body weight), followed by a maintenance dose (1.5 mg/kg) every 8 hours. Single daily dosing may be substituted • Both regimens are for 14 days |
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Outpatient Treatment
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Levofloxacin 500 mg PO once daily for 14 days
OR Ofloxacin 400 mg PO twice daily for 14 days WITH OR WITHOUT Metronidazole 500 mg PO twice a day for 14 days |
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Gonorrhea Treatment?
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Ceftriaxone 125 mg IM in a single dose OR Cefixime 400 mg orally in a single dose OR Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally in a single dose
OR Ofloxacin 400 mg orally in a single dose OR Levofloxacin 250 mg orally in a single dose |
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Chlamydia Treatment?
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Azithromycin 1 g PO in a single dose
OR Doxycycline 100 mg PO twice a day for 7 days |
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Herpes Simplex Virus,
Treatment for First Clinical Episode? |
Acyclovir 400 mg PO three times a day for 7–10 days
OR Acyclovir 200 mg PO five times a day for 7–10 days OR Famciclovir 250 mg PO three times a day for 7–10 days OR Valacyclovir 1g PO twice a day for 7–10 days |
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Herpes Simplex Virus,
Treatment for Recurrent Episodes? |
Acyclovir 400 mg PO three times a day for 5 days
OR Acyclovir 800 mg PO twice a day for 5 days OR Acyclovir 800 mg PO three times a day for 2 days OR Famciclovir 125 mg PO twice daily for 5 days OR Famciclovir 1000 mg PO twice daily for 1 day OR Valacyclovir 500 mg PO twice a day for 3 days OR Valacyclovir 1g PO once a day for 5 days |
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HEMATOGENOUS OSTEOMYELITIS
Pathogens? |
S. aureus, group B Streptococcus, E. coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
< common Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia |
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Pathogens causing CONTIGUOUS OSTEOMYELITIS?
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S. aureus (most commonly isolated), P. aeruginosa, Proteus, Streptococcus, E. coli, S. epidermidis and anaerobes
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Treatment for osteomylitis in adults infected with S. aureus?
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Nafcillin or cefazolin IV
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Treatment for adults with infectios arthritis?
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Ceftriaxone 1-2 g IV q12-24h (especially sexually active)
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Surgical Prophylaxis for abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy?
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Cefotetan, Cefuroxime or Ampicillin/Sulbactum, depending on the target pathogen
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Prophylaxis for total hip or knee replacement?
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Cefazolin or Cefuroxime for Staph, Gentamycin for gram negative bacilli, Vancomycin or Clindamycin if PCN allergic.
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Treatment for Staphylococcal Endocarditis?
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Oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococci
– Nafcillin or oxacillin 2 g IV q4h x 6 wks With (3-5 d) or without gentamicin 1 mg/kg IM/IV q8h – PCN allergic Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q12h x 4-6 wks, PK consult necessary Cefazolin 2 g IV q8h 6 wks |
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Treatment for Oxacillin Resistant Staphylococcal Endocarditis?
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Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q12h x 6 wks, PK consult necessary
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Treatment for Enterococcal Endocarditis Susceptible to PCN, Gentamicin & Vancomycin?
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Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h or PCN 18-30 MU/d IV continuously or 6 divided doses plus gentamicin 1
mg/kg IM/IV q8h x 4-6 wks |
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Treatment for Enterococcal Endocarditis Resistant to PCN and AMG but Vancomycin-susceptible?
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Ampicillin-sulbactam 2 g IV q6h plus
gentamicin 1 mg/kg IM/IV q8h x 6 wks. Vancomycin if PCN allergic. |
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Endocardiditis caused by E. faecium treatment?
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– Linezolid 600 mg IV q12h 8 wks or
– Quinupristin-dalfopristin 7.5 mg/kg IV q8h 8 wks |
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Endocardiditis caused by E. faecalis treatment?
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– Imipenem/cilastatin 500 mg IV q6h plus ampicillin 2 g IV
q4h 8 wks or – Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q24h plus ampicillin 2 g IV q4h 8 wks |
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HACEK Endocarditis?
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– Haemophilus parainfluenzae, H. aphrophilus
– Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans – Cardiobacterium hominis – Eikenella corrodens – Kingella kingae |
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HACEK Endocarditis treatment?
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Ceftriaxone 2 g IM/IV q24h or ampicillin-sulbactam 2 g IV q6h
PCN allergic – Ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO q12h or 400 mg IV q12h x 4 wks Substituted with levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, or moxifloxacin |
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Endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
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– Piperacillin or ceftazidime or cefepime plus tobramycin 8
mg/kg/d (peak ~ 15-20 μg/mL & trough < 2 μg/mL) x 6 wks |
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True or false, <10% of all oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA) are
resistant to fluoroquinolones? |
False. 90% of all oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA) are resistant to fluoroquinolones
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Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Endocarditis?
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– Adults: amoxicillin 2g PO 1 h prior to the procedure
– Children: amoxicillin 50 mg/kg PO 1 h prior to the procedure |
