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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Roman Numeral Rules
Rule #1 When a letter is repeated its value is repeated |
II=2
XXX=30 |
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Roman Numeral Rules
Rule #2 A letter cannot be repeated more than three times |
XXXX does not equal 40
VVVVV does not equal 25 |
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Roman Numeral Rules
Rule #3 V,L and D are never repeated |
This explains why VVV is not equal to 15 nor is VV equal to 10
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Roman Numeral Rules
Rule #4 When a SMALLER numeral (letter) is placed BEFORE a LARGER numeral, it is SUBTRACTED from the larger numeral |
IV= 4 IX= 9 XL= 40 CD=400 CM=900
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Roman Numeral Rules
Rule #5 When a SMALLER numeral is placed AFTER a larger numeral it is ADDED to the larger numeral |
VI= 6 XI= 11 LX=60 MC=1100 MD=1500
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Roman Numeral Rules
Rule #6 V,L and D are never subtracted from larger numbers |
so VL is not equal to 45 and LM is not equal to 950
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Roman Numeral Rules
Rule #7 Never subtract more than one numeral |
so IIX is not equal to 8 and XXXC is not equal to 70
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Roman Numeral Rules
Rule #8 Use I before V and X (only the next two highest numerals). The same is true for X and C (i.e. X before L and C; C before D and M) |
IV=4 and IX=9 BUT IC is NOT equal to 99 XC=90 BUT XM is NOT equal to 990
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Metric System
Kilo= |
1000 or one thousand
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Metric System
Centi= |
1/100 or 0.01 or one hundredth
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Metric System
Milli= |
1/1000 or 0.001 or one thousandth
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Metric System
Micro= |
1/1000000 or 0.000001 or one millionth
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Metric System: Length
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Meter (M)
Centimeter (cm) 1/100 of a meter Millimeter (mm) 1/000 of a meter |
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Metric System: Weight
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Gram (g or Gm)
milligram (mg) 1/1000 of a gram microgram(mcg or ug) 1/1000000 of a gram Kilogram (kg or Kg) 1000 grams |
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Metric System: Volume
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Liter (l or L)
milliliter (ml or ML) 1/1000 of a liter *a cubic centimeter (cc) is sometimes used by practitioners to denote a milliliter. |
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Guidelines for Metric Notations
Rule #1 Always place the number before the abbreviation |
8 mL not mL 8
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Guidelines for Metric Notations
Rule #2 Place a zero tot he left of the decimal when the decimal fraction is less than 1 |
Digoxin 0.125 mg NOT Digoxin .125 (the zero draws attention to the decimal and decreases the possibility of giving the wrong dose; in this case, 125 mg might be given if the decimal is not noticed.)
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Guidelines for Metric Notations
Rule #3 Never place a zero to the right of the decimal place when you have a whole number |
A patient weighs 11kg not 11.0 kg (Tjhe zero in this example may mask the decimal, and the wight must be read as 110 kg)
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Guidelines for Metric Notations
Rule #4 Always use decimals to reflect fractions when using the metric system |
3.5mg not 3 and 1/2
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Guidelines for Metric Notations
Rule #5 Avoid unnecessary zeros |
60.02000g should be written 60.02g because the last 3 zeros have no value, but zeros between whole numbers are very important to interpret the numbers accurately
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Guidelines for Metric Notations
Rule # 6 Always think carefully when converting from subunits. When going from a small unit to a larger unit, make sure your numbers DECREASES proportionately |
Convert 5675mg to Grams
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Guidelines for Metric Notations
Rule #7 When going from a small unit to a larger unit, make sure your numbers DECREASES proportionately |
A gram is 1000 times larger than a milligram, so the number the left of the primary unit must be divided by 1000. In this example, 5675mg= 5.675g
In this example, 72kg= 72,000g |
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Guidelines for Metric Notations
Rule #8 When MULTIPLYING metric values by multiples of ten, move the decimal point one place to the RIGHT of reach zero in teh multiplier |
10 X 84.6= 846.7
1000 X 0.325= 325 |
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Guidelines for Metric Notations
Rule #9 When DIVIDINGmetric values by multiples of ten move the decimal point one place to the LEFT for each zero in the multiplier |
74.67/ 100= 0.7467
0.67/ 1000= 0.00067 |
WHEN IN DOUBT CHECK IT OUT!! Always check when clarification is needed. A one decimal error in dosing can frequently be fatal to a patient, so be careful
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Apothecaries' System: Weight
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20 grains (gr)= 1 scruple
3 scruples= 1 dram 1 dram = 60 gr 8 drams= 1 ounce 1 ounce =480 gr 12 ounces= 1 pound=5760 gr |
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Apothecaries' System: Fluid Measures
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60 minimus= 1 fluid dram
8 fluid drams= 1 fl oz 1 fl oz=480 minims 16 fl oz= 1 pint 2 pints (pt)= 1 quart (qt) 1 quart =32 fl oz 4 quarts (8 pints)=1 gallon (gal) |
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Avoirdupois System: Weights
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1 ounce (oz)= 437.5 grains (gr)
437.5 grains= 28.4 grams (g) 16 ounces (oz)= 1 pound (lb) 1 Pound= 7000gr |
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Common Conversion Factors: Metric Conversions Weight
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1 gram (g)= 15.4 grains (gr)
1 grain (gr)= 65 milligrams (mg) 65 mg=0.065 g 1 pound (lb)= 454 grams (g) 454 grams (g)= 0.454 kg 1 kg= 2.2 lb 1 oz= 28.4g |
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Common Conversion Factors: Metric Conversions Volume
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1 fluid ounce= 30 mL
1 pint= 16 fl oz 16 fl oz= 480 mL 1 gallon= 3840 mL |
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Household Equivalents
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1 teasloonful (tsp)= 5 mL
1 tablespoonful (tbsp)= 15 mL 1 fluid ounce (oz)= 30 mL 1 pint (pt)= 480 mL |
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Common medical abbreviations: Frequency
a.c a.m p.m |
before meals
morning afternoon or evening |
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Common medical abbreviations: Frequency
ad. lib p.r.n b.i.d |
as desired
as needed twice a day |
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Common medical abbreviations: Frequency
q.i.d h or hr q.2 h |
four times a day
hour every 2 hours |
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Common medical abbreviations: Frequency
q. 12h p.c h.s |
every 12 hours (ect. for all hours)
after meals at bedtime |
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Common medical abbreviations: Frequency
q.d stat q.o.d |
once daily
immediately every other day |
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Common medical abbreviations: Frequency
t.i.d min q.h |
three times a day
minute every hour |
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Common medical abbreviations: Frequency
q.h q. 8h u.d |
every hour
every 8 hours as directed |
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Common medical abbreviations: Route
a.d a.u inj |
right ear
both ears injections |
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Common medical abbreviations: Route
IVPB o.d o.s or o.l |
intravenous piggyback
right eye left eye |
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Common medical abbreviations: Route
pr SC or SQ a.s |
per rectum
subcutaneous left ear |
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Common medical abbreviations: Route
IM IV IVP |
intramuscular
intravenous intravenous push |
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Common medical abbreviations: Route
o.u p.o SL ID |
both eyes
by mouth sublingual intradermal |
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Common medical abbreviations: Dosage Forms
aq. comp. pulv |
aqueous (water)
compound powder |
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Common medical abbreviations: Route
Supp. syr. tinct or tr |
suppository
syrup tincture |
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Common medical abbreviations: Route
cap gtt sol. |
capsule
drop solution |
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Common medical abbreviations: Route
susp. tab ung |
suspension
tablet ointment |
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Common medical abbreviations: Miscellaneous
a c q |
before
with every |
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Common medical abbreviations: Miscellaneous
aa DC, d/c, or disc. disp. |
of each
discontinue dispense |
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Common medical abbreviations: Miscellaneous
d.t.d et N/V |
give of such doses
and nausea and vomiting |
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Common medical abbreviations: Miscellaneous
q.s non rep. or N.R R/O |
a sufficient quantity
do not repeat ruled out |
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Common medical abbreviations: Miscellaneous
NPO SOB UTI |
nothing by mouth
shortness of breath urinary tract infection |
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Common medical abbreviations: Miscellaneous
URI p s |
upper respiratory infection
after without |
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Common medical abbreviations: Miscellaneous
ad ante dil. |
up to
before dilute |
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Common medical abbreviations: Miscellaneous
div. dx ft |
divide
diagnosis make |
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Common medical abbreviations: Miscellaneous
hx rt GI |
history
right gastrointestional |
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Common medical abbreviations: Miscellaneous
noct. Sig. BP |
night
write on label blood pressure |
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Common medical abbreviations: Miscellaneous
M HA |
mix
headache |
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