Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
lincosamides
|
Clindamycin and lincomycin are active against Gram-positive aerobes and most anaerobes.
|
|
|
Clindamycin
|
Clindamycin is active against Propionibacterium acnes.
|
|
|
lincosamides adverse effects?
|
significant adverse effects, in particular antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea.
|
|
|
Therapeutic groups used to treat acne
|
keratolytics
antibiotics and antibacterials retinoids hormones |
|
|
Treating Acne?
|
Therapeutic groups used to treat acne and their main actions (Table 4.14)
Group Examples Actions/comments keratolytics salicylic acid unblock pores by removing keratin plugs antibiotics and antibacterials topical: benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, erythromycin suppress bacterial levels and additional anti-inflammatory activities systemic: tetracyclines, erythromycin benzoyl peroxide combined with topical clindamycin or erythromycin has synergistic benefits retinoids topical: adapalene, isotretinoin, tretinoin promote removal and prevent reblocking of the pores by keratin plugs, and suppress inflammation systemic: isotretinoin systemic isotretinoin also markedly reduces sebum and indirectly proprionibacteria hormones some oral contraceptives, cyproterone oestrogenic and/or low androgenic progestogens and/or antiandrogenic drugs |
|
|
Chloramphenicol
|
a broad-spectrum antibiotic with a range of activity that includes Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, rickettsiae and chlamydiae.
|
|
|
Chloramphenicol adrs?
|
Chloramphenicol causes a reversible dose-dependent bone marrow hypoplasia, and rare irreversible dose-independent aplasia (1 in 30 000 courses) that is sometimes fatal. In neonates it also causes the grey baby syndrome. It should never be given for minor infections and should only be given systemically when there is no suitable alternative. It is used topically to treat both eye and ear infections.
|
|
|
Mupirocin
|
Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic that is not used systemically. It is active mainly against Gram-positive aerobes, including most strains of staphylococci and streptococci. Topical mupirocin is used in the treatment of bacterial skin infections such as impetigo and infected dermatitis.
|
|
|
Fusidate sodium
|
Fusidate sodium has a narrow spectrum of activity, and is very active against Staphylococcus aureus. It should only be used systemically (ie not for topical use). Resistance develops readily, so it is generally used in conjunction with other antibiotics.
|
|
|
nitrofurantoin
|
used for the treatment and prophylaxis of lower urinary tract infections.
|
|
|
nitrofurantoin adrs?
|
It can cause polyneuropathy, severe acute or chronic pulmonary hypersensitivity, haemolysis and chronic active hepatitis.
Pulmonary toxicity has been reported with long-term use and requires cessation of therapy if it occurs. Patients on long-term nitrofurantoin should be advised to report persistent cough or dyspnoea. |
|
|
glycopeptides
|
Teicoplanin and vancomycin.
Active against a wide range of Gram-positive organisms. |
