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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are examples of amide anesthetics?
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lidocaine, buprivicaine, etidocaine, mepivacaine
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What are examples of ester anesthetics?
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procaine, proparacaine, tetracaine
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What are the differences between amide anesthetics and ester anesthetics?
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Amides have a longer half life compared to esters. Amides are also metabolized by the liver. Esters are broken down to PABA which may cause allergic reactions. They have a short half-life and therefore are short acting due to rapid elimination.
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How do local anesthetics cause neuronal blockade.
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blockage of voltage dependent Na+ channels therefore preventing influx of Na+ therefore preventing depolarization therefore blocking formation of action potential.
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Besides neuronal blockade other pharmacological effects of local anesthetics include
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CNS stimulation- overdose = seizures esp in horses.
Cardiovascular depression = direct and via vasodilation |
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Which local anesthetics are proarrhythmic?
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buprivicaine, etidocaine
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Which local anesthetics are antiarrthymic?
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lidocaine
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Which local anesthetic is used in the treatment of cardiac ventricular tachycardia?
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lidocaine
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Local anesthetics are tightly bound to plasma proteins which increases duration of action and systemic levels. What effect might this have on toxicity
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Decreased protein binding like in patients with liver failure may increase the chances of toxicity. CRI may cause saturation of proteins
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___ blood flow _____ absorption of local anesthetics which ______duration of action.
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High blood flow increases absorption of local anesthetics which decreases duration of action.
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what is the most common preparation of proparacaine?
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opthalamic
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What are the main differences of lidocain and bupivicaine?
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Lidocaine is an antiarrhymic, fast onset of action
Bupivicaine: proarrhythmic, slow duration, intermediate onset, more potent, more toxic. |
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Which local anesthetic is commonly used and the only approved one in horses?
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mepivicaine
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Why might it be a good idea to use sodium bicarbonate in conjunction with local anesthetics?
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It increases the amount of nonionized drug so increased absorption, decreased duration of action, but faster onset. Also pain relief at site of injection.
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how long is the onset of action of local anesthetic creams
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30-60 minutes
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Onset of action..
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fast to slow:
lidocaine, prilocaine, mepivicaine bupivicaine tetracain |
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What is the duration of injectable local anesthetics
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a few hours
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What type of nerves are blocked first by local anesthetics?
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small myelenatd nerves are blocked first
Type B/C, then pain, then A, then motor. |
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Which animal species is most sensitive to local anesthetics?
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horses and cats
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What drug would we use to treat local anesthetic toxicity?
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phenobarbitol, diazepam.
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