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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What things stimulate gastic acid secretion?
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Histamine**
gastin acetylcholine |
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What conditions reduce the mucosal blood flow of the stomach?
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stress
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How do magnesium salts affect the guts?
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increase GI motility and cause Diarrhea
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How does aluminum affect the gut?
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relaxes smooth muscle, and causes constipation
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When is it a problem to give aluminium and magnesium salts?
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renal function is impaired
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What do antacids decrease the bioavailability of?
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phenytoin
digitalis |
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What do antacids increased the absorption of?
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sulfonamides
L dopa valporic acid |
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What do antacids increase the renal clearance of?
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salicylates and phenobarbital
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What are the problems with using antacids?
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high potential for drug interactions
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What are the four H2 histamine receptor antagonist drugs?
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Cimetidine
Ranitidine Famotidine Nizatidine (they all end in tidine**) |
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What are H2 blockers given to treat?
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ulcers
GERD Zollinger Ellison syndrome |
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What are the side effects of H2 blockers?
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low!!
but- headaches, dizziness, nausae |
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What can chronic cimetidine cause?
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at high doses- it is antiandrogen
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What enzyme does cimetidine inhibit?
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CYP3A
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What do All PPi's names end with?
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Prazole*
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Are PPI's reversible?
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nope they are irreversible
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What is the drug of choice of GERD with esophagitis?
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PPI's
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How do PPI's work?
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these bind irreversible to H+, K+, -ATPase in the parietal cell
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How long do PPI's last for?
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24-48 hours
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How long do you need to give PPI's to treat GERD?
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at least 1-2 months
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What three drugs does Ompreazole (a PPI) interact with?
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phenytoin
diazepam warfarin |
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What are the general adverse effects of PPI's? (prazole)
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nausea, diarrhea, abdominal colic
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What does chronic PPI use increase the risk for?
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impairs calcium uptake, increasing risk for osteoporosis
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What is the DOC for GERD?
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PPI's
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What is Sucralfate?
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this is an aluminum salt that polymerizes stomach acid to form a protective barrier
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What are the side effects of Sucralfate?
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constipation, from forming a nasty goo in your belly
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What is Misoprostal?
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this is a prostaglandin E1 analogue
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What is Misprostol given for?
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prevents ulceration induced by NSAIDs
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who can NEVER get misoprostol?
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pregnant chicks
it can abort their babies |
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What is Metoclopramide (Reglan) used for?
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this is used to enhance GI motility
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How does Metoclopramide (Reglan) work?
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D2 receptor antagonist
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How does Metoclopramide (Reglan) affect vomiting?
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this is an antiemetic
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What are the major side effects of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?
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GI cramping, diarrhea
MAJOR: extrapyramidal symptoms, exacerbates parkinsons |
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What are Glycopyrrolate and Dicyclomine?
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these are antimuscarinic drugs
used as GI antispasmodics |
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What is Alosetron (Lotronex)
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this is a 5-HT3 agonist (blocker)
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What is Alosetron (Lotronex) used to treat?
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severe diarrhea and predominat IBS
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What are the main side effects of Alosetron (Lotronex)?
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constipation
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What receptor types are common in the CTZ?
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5HT3
D1 NK1 Opioid |
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What receptor does Prochlorperazine (Compazine) act on?
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blocks D, M, H- used for post op vomiting*
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What is promethazine used for?
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anti emetic and anti nausea drug
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What type of neural activity increases contraction of the guts?
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parasympathetic
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What can chronic laxative use lead to?
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electrolyte imbalances, dependence
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What is the best way to prevent constipation and diverticulitis?
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high fiber diet
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What is psyllium?
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a fiber supplement
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Who should not get sodium salts as a laxative?
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people with CHF- because you need to give a ton of water with it
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What is Bisacodyl?
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this is mucosal acting laxative- very mild
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When is castor oil not given?
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not good with there is a biliary obstruction
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How does mineral oil affect the bdy?
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used as a lubricating agent or fecal softener
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What are the negative effects of using mineral oil?
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may decrease absorption of fat soluble vitamins
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What is lubiprostone?
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this is an E1 derivative
stool softener, increases motility |
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When should opioids not be used to treat diarrhea?
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if it is caused by organisms that penetrate the intestinal mucosa
OR with ulcerative colitis |
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What does collodial bismuth do?
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this absorbs excess water
tx diarrhea |
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What is Simethicone?
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GAS-X, coats your farts so they arent so horrible
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What is Sulfasalazine used for?
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TX of IBD**
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