Pharmacology Winter Test 2 L4 Drug Abuse

Front 1

What is physical dependence on drugs?

Back 1

this is when there are behavioral and physical symptoms occur when a drug is abruptly withdrawn.

Front 2

What is psychological dependence?

Back 2

a drug produces satisfaction and the drive to use it to avoid discomfort

Front 3

What is tolerance?

Back 3

this is an increased amount of drug is required to achieve the same effect

Front 4

What is conditioned tolerance?

Back 4

this is a loss of effect given in the same setting, meaning its more fun to do drugs in new places

Front 5

What is acute tolerance?

Back 5

this occurs with binge use of a drug, but this tolerance wears off

Front 6

What is sensitization?

Back 6

this is an increased responsiveness following multiple exposure to stimulants*

Front 7

What two neruotransmitters are involved in addiction?

Back 7

Dopamine and Serotonin

Front 8

What role does dopamine play in addiction?

Back 8

this is used in positive reinforcement- goes from VTA -> Nucleus accumbens/ frontal cortex.

Increased dopamine is used to reinforce drug seeing behavior

Front 9

What role does Serotonin play in drug addiction?

Back 9

this plays a role in appetite and craving

Front 10

What are the common properties of abused drugs?

Back 10

cause euphoria or pleasurable sensation

have rapid onset/ short duration of action

Front 11

What kind of drug is Amphetamine, Methamphetamine

Back 11

this is a sympathomimetic drug

Front 12

What is Amphetamine, Methamphetamine's method of action?

Back 12

this promotes the release of newly synthesized catecholamines

Front 13

What neuron type is particularly effected by Amphetamine, Methamphetamine ?

Back 13

dopamine neurons

Front 14

What are the side effects of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine?

Back 14

increased energy, decreased appetite, anxiety, insomnia, irritability

Front 15

How does smoking affect Amphetamine, Methamphetamine ?

Back 15

if you convert meth to a base and smoke it, this increases the rapidity of action

Front 16

What are the toxic effects of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine

Back 16

neruotoxic effects
cardiac toxicity
meth mouth

Front 17

How does Amphetamine, Methamphetamine affect the brain's set point?

Back 17

smoking meth sets you up for a high NE/ DA activity set point.

Front 18

What happens during detox from Amphetamine, Methamphetamine ?

Back 18

paranoia

Front 19

What is Cocaines method of action?

Back 19

this inhibits reuptake DA and NE

Front 20

What is the effect of Cocaine?

Back 20

this causes a powerful burst of energy and euphoria

Front 21

Can Cocaine be used "safely"?

Back 21

yes apparently using Cocaine only 2-3 times a week doesnt causes serious medical problems

Front 22

How does Cocaine affect the body?

Back 22

elevates BP
increases HR
dilates pupils
perspiration and pallor

Front 23

What are the effects of chronic Cocaine use?

Back 23

this causes Formication/ cocaine bugs- scratching of the skin into open sores

Front 24

How can Cocaine be lethal?

Back 24

this can cause a rapid rise in BP and cerebral hemorrhage

Front 25

What are the signs of being a crack baby?

Back 25

placental detachment, premature labor, stillbirth, low birth weight, retarded growth, small head size

Front 26

What receptors does nicotine act on?

Back 26

this acts on nicotinic receptors in the CNS and periphery

Front 27

How does nicotine affect the body?

Back 27

this increases BP and HR

Front 28

How does nicotine affect the brain?

Back 28

this increases dopamine release

also affects memory and learning

Front 29

What types of dependence does nicotine cause?

Back 29

psychological and physical dependence

Front 30

What drug is used to reduce the craving for nicotine?

Back 30

bupropion (Xyban)

Front 31

What drugs are given to treat alcohol withdrawal?

Back 31

Naltrexone- reduces craving

fluoxetine- treats depression

buproprion- reduces cravings and depression

Front 32

What type of dependence do barbituates usually create?

Back 32

physical dependence

Front 33

How does tolerance develop with barbituates?

Back 33

it develops quickly

Front 34

What is the only abused benzodiazepine?

Back 34

flunitrazepam (rohypnol)- date rape drug

Front 35

What are the effects of opioids? generally

Back 35

produces euphoria and reduces anxiety

Front 36

what is the mechanism for tolerance to develop with opioid use?

Back 36

this is due to receptor desensitization `

Front 37

How can tolerance to one opioid affect another?

Back 37

the cross tolerance between opioids means tolerance of one induces tolerance in all types

Front 38

What does methodone do for opioid withdrawal?

Back 38

this is used as a heroin substitute, to prevent withdrawal symptoms

slow absorption and no high

Front 39

what does naltrexone do for opioid withdrawal?

Back 39

this blocks the high associated with opioid use

Front 40

What receptors does THC act on?

Back 40

this acts on cannabinoid receptors, and endogenous ligand receptors

Front 41

how fast is THC absorbed?

Back 41

rapidly absorbed by smoking

Front 42

What are the neruo effects of THC?

Back 42

rapid mood changes, altered perceptions "things go too fast"

Front 43

What is the most commonly used illegal drug in the US?

Back 43

THC

Front 44

is there physical dependence with THC?

Back 44

no there is not

Front 45

What are the medically useful effects of THC?

Back 45

antiemetic

Front 46

What is dronabinol (marinol)

Back 46

this is a THC like anti-emetic

Front 47

what receptors does LSD bind to?

Back 47

this binds to 5HT2 receptors in the brain

Front 48

what are the effects of LSD?

Back 48

euphoria and visual hallucinations

Front 49

does LSD produce dependence?

Back 49

no it does notq

Front 50

What drug is mescaline similar to, but weaker than?

Back 50

LSD

Front 51

What is psilocybin?

Back 51

this is the toxin in hallucinogenic mushrooms

Front 52

What does MDMA cause the release of?

Back 52

this stimulates the release of serotonin

Front 53

what are the cardiac effects of MDMA?

Back 53

may increase heart rate and blood pressure

Front 54

What are the fatalities causes by with MDMA?

Back 54

due to dehydration, hyperthermia

Front 55

What are the long term problems with MDMA?

Back 55

this causes degeneration of serotonin neurons, and thus persistent memory problems

Front 56

What is the original purpose of phencyclidine (PCP)

Back 56

this was a dissociative anesthetic

Front 57

what are the effects of phencyclidine (PCP)?

Back 57

physically aggressive behavior with hallucinations

Front 58

Why is it hard to control people on phencyclidine (PCP)?

Back 58

the analgesic effect leaves them unaware of pain

Front 59

what are the dangerous effects to the body with phencyclidine (PCP)?

Back 59

coma, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis

Front 60

What is Ketamine normally used for?

Back 60

this is used as a general anesthetic in kids and animals

Front 61

What are the recreational effects of Ketamine ?

Back 61

delirum and amnesia

Front 62

what are the symptoms of inhaled drugs of abuse?

Back 62

burns around the lips or chemical smell
long term liver abuse
kidney/liver damage
bone marrow ablation

Front 63

What are the overdose effects of nitrous oxide?

Back 63

unconsciousness, death

Front 64

What are the signs of chronic use for nitrous oxide?

Back 64

peripheral neuropathy

Front 65

What kind of drugs are amyl and butyl nitrite?

Back 65

these are smooth muscle relaxants (like all nitrates)