Pharmacology Vocab. For Week 2

Front 1

the rate and extent that the drug leaves the site of administration

Back 1

absorption

Front 2

chemical substance produced by one type of cell that affects different cells in the same region, a local hormone or messenger

Back 2

autocoid

Front 3

the amount of a drug that is available to act on its target site

Back 3

bioavailability

Front 4

a test for antibodies damaging RBCs, many indicate many blood diseases

Back 4

Coomb's Test

Front 5

system involved in metabolizing endogenous compounds and exogenous toxins

Back 5

Cytochrome P450 system

Front 6

the process through which the drug leaves the blood stream and enters the interstitium or tissue cells

Back 6

distribution

Front 7

a disturbance of speech and language caused by a brain injury or inability of the speech muslces to perform

Back 7

dysarthria

Front 8

the removal of a drug from the body

Back 8

elimination

Front 9

"of the intestines" - drugs that are oral in administration

Back 9

enteral

Front 10

also called "die-off" reactions, they are a type of toxic reaction due to microbial die-off induced by correct medication

Back 10

Herxheimer Reactions

Front 11

a state where oxygen levels are below normal

Back 11

hypoxia

Front 12

latin for "within glassware" means an experiment done in the lab

Back 12

in vitro

Front 13

latin for "within alive" means an experiment occurring in a living organism, usually human

Back 13

in vivo

Front 14

subtypes of a specific enzyme

Back 14

isoenzyme

Front 15

white vaginal discharge

Back 15

leukorrhea

Front 16

the splitting of a fat molecule

Back 16

lipolysis

Front 17

chemicals that are the result of metabolism. they can be either an intermediate product (one that will undergo further transformation) or an end product

Back 17

metabolites

Front 18

rate of illness or abnormality

Back 18

morbidity

Front 19

rate of death

Back 19

mortality

Front 20

having harmful effect of the ear or CN 8

Back 20

ototoxic

Front 21

outside of the intestines, a route of administration of a drug that does not enter the intestinal or digestive tract, for ex. injections and inhaled agents

Back 21

parenteral

Front 22

the rhythmic contraction of snooth muscle in the GI tract the main purpose of which is to propel food thru the digestive tract

Back 22

peristalsis

Front 23

the inverse log of the concentration of hydrogen ions. used as a measurement of acidity and basic; 7 = neutra, below that is acidic and above that is basic

Back 23

pH

Front 24

excessive urination

Back 24

polyuria

Front 25

a measurement of how safe a drug is. it is the ratio btw. the therapeutic dose and the toxic dose.

Back 25

therapeutic index

Front 26

pertaining to nerve fibers in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) that react to epinephrine, norepinephrine, or dopamine neurotransmitters

Back 26

adrenergic

Front 27

an agent that suppresses nausea and vomiting

Back 27

antiemetic

Front 28

a cough suppressant

Back 28

antitussive

Front 29

an irregular HB

Back 29

arrhythmias

Front 30

a rapid, irregular atrial rhythm. it causes considerable sx. including palpitations and occasional weakness and presyncope. thrombi can form and embolize to the brain causing a CVA

Back 30

atrial fibrillation

Front 31

without tone

Back 31

atonic

Front 32

part of the electrical conducting system of the heart, considered the "gateway" btw. atrial conducting system and the ventrilcula conducting system

Back 32

atrioventricular node

Front 33

a heart rate that is too slow, defined as less than 60bpm

Back 33

bradycardia

Front 34

a decrease in the diameter of the lung's bronchi allowing for less airflow

Back 34

bronchoconstriction

Front 35

relaxation and an increase in the diameter of the lun's bronchi allowing for more airflow

Back 35

bronchodilation

Front 36

a muscle spasm causing narrowing of the airways of the lung, usually accompanied by a cough and wheeze

Back 36

bronchospasm

Front 37

sympathomimetic neurotransmitter family that includes epinephrine, and dopamine

Back 37

catecholamines

Front 38

an enzyme that breaks down catecholamines such as norepinephrine and epinephrine in the synaptic cleft

Back 38

catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT)

Front 39

the psychological and physical need for a substance

Back 39

dependence

Front 40

pertaining to the detrussor urinae muscle, which forms the external muscle layer of the bladder

Back 40

detrussor

Front 41

the act of perspiring or sweating

Back 41

diaphoresis

Front 42

a form of muscle weakness that tends to be associated with lung cancer

Back 42

eaton-lambert syndrome

Front 43

exhibiting movement disorders, especially postural and locomotor, resembling parkinson's disease

Back 43

extrapyramidal symptoms

Front 44

where an intermediate or final product of a biological pathway stops or slows down one of the initiating steps and eventually reduces the end results of that pathway

Back 44

feedback inhibition

Front 45

a collection of nerve cells outside of the CNS

Back 45

ganglion

Front 46

splitting of glycogen to release glucose

Back 46

glycogenolysis

Front 47

too much glucose in the blood

Back 47

hyperglycemia

Front 48

a sudden stoppage of blood flow that causes tissue death

Back 48

infarction

Front 49

within the eye

Back 49

intraocular

Front 50

constriction of the pupil

Back 50

miosis

Front 51

an enzyme that metabolizes norepinephrine and other catecholamines

Back 51

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Front 52

dilation of the pupil

Back 52

mydriasis

Front 53

an autoimmune disease where antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors and cause muscle weakness and fatigue

Back 53

myasthenia gravis

Front 54

stemming from or caused by the nervous system

Back 54

neurogenic

Front 55

near the vertebral column

Back 55

paravertebral

Front 56

a tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes excessive release of catecholamines, esp. epinephrine and norepinephrine

Back 56

pheochromocytoma

Front 57

a disorder that causes pain and discoloration of the extremities

Back 57

Raynaud's phenomenon

Front 58

an autoimmune disease whose main sx. include dry eyes and mouth

Back 58

sjogren's syndrome

Front 59

a HT rate of over 100 bpm cause above the ventricle, either the atria, SA node, or AV junction

Back 59

supraventricular tachycardia

Front 60

either mimicking or stimulating the sympathetic nervous system

Back 60

sympathomimetic

Front 61

a junction btw. 2 nerves or a nerve and an effector organ

Back 61

synapse

Front 62

momentary loss of consciousness, fainting

Back 62

syncope

Front 63

when repeated drug use results in a smaller effect

Back 63

tachyphylaxis

Front 64

the need for increasing doses of a substance in order to achieve similar effects or to avoid negative symptoms

Back 64

tolerance

Front 65

degree of resistance to blood flow from systemic blood vessels

Back 65

total peripheral vascular resistance

Front 66

a decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel

Back 66

vasoconstriction

Front 67

an increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

Back 67

vasodilation

Front 68

a dry mouth

Back 68

xerostomia