Pharmacology 1

Front 1

Direct acting cholinomimetic muscarinic drug used for bowel and bladder atony

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Betanechol

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Direct acting cholinomimetic muscarinic used for Glaucoma

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Pilocarpine

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Patient came in with dry mouth and dry eyes. Appropriate drug to be given

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Pilocarpine. Used to treat Sjorgen syndrome (xerostamia, xeropthalmia, and rheumatoid arthritis) and Sicca syndrome (same symptoms but without arthritis)

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Direct acting cholinonimetic used for smoking cessation

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Nicotine

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Patient came in due to muscle weakness starting as ptosis then progressing to facial muscle weakness. Appropriate drug

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Edrophonium. Myasthenia gravis usually presents as ptosis first.

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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade. Also used for myasthenia gravis (aside from edrophonium)

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Neostigmine

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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer's disease

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Rivastigmine

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Symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

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DUMBBELS. Diarrhea, urination, miosis, bradycardia, bronchospasm, excitation (skeletal and CNS), lacrimation, salivation

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Cholinergic antagonist, muscarinic blocker used to treat organophosphate poisoning

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Atropine

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Cholinesterase regenerator used to treat organophosphate poisoning

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Pralidoxime

Front 11

Cholinergic antagonist, muscarinic blocker used in treating tremors in Parkinson's disease

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Benztropine

Front 12

Cholinergic antagonist, muscarinic blocker used in treatment of asthma in patients with COPD and heart disease

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Ipratropium

Front 13

Cholinergic antagonist, muscarinic blocker used in treating motion sickness

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Scopolamine

Front 14

Cholinergic antagonist, muscarinic blocker used in treating irritable bowel syndrome

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Dicylomine

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Cholinergic antagonist, muscarinic blocker, used to treat urge incontinence

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Oxybutyrin

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Cholinergic antagonist nicotinic blocker used for hypertensive emergencies

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Hexamethonium

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Patient came in with anaphylaxis. Drug of choice

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Epinephrine, a non-selective direct acting sympathomimetic

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A non-selective direct acting sympathomimetic used for neurogenic shock and as a last resort for cardiogenic shock

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Norepinephrine

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Nonselective direct acting sympathomimetic with activity for alpha, beta, and dopamine receptors

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Dopamine

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Beta 2 selective sympathomimetic used as a drug of choice for asthma attacks

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Albuterol/Salbutamol

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Patient presents with headache, diaphoresis, palpitations and hypertension. Drug of choice

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Phenoxybenzamine for pheochromocytoma. Can also give phentolamine or tolazoline

Front 22

Patient overdosed with cold medicine. Drug of choice

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Phentolamine, Tolazoline

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Patient came in due to asthma. Given drug. Few moments later, developed arrhythmia. Possible drug given

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Isoproterenol

Front 24

Sympathomimetic alpha 1 selective given for nasal decongestion

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Phenylephrine

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Antidote for alpha 1 agonist overdose

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Phentolamine, Tolazoline

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Sympathomimetic alpha 2 selective drug used in hypertensive emergencies

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Clonidine

Front 27

Pregnant patient is given drug for preeclampsia. Suddenly developed hemolytic anemia. Drug given

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Methyldopa

Front 28

Sympathomimetic alpha 2 selective drug given for glaucoma

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Apraclonidine

Front 29

Beta 1 selective sympathomimetic used for acute heart failure

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Dobutamine

Front 30

>50 year old man came in due to difficulty urinating. Diagnosed with BPH. Drug of choice

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Tamsulosin

Front 31

Beta nonselective adrenergic antagonist used in angina prophylaxis, hypertension, and arrhythmias

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Propranolol

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Selective beta 1 antagonist used for hypertension and heart failure

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Atenolol, metoprolol

Front 33

Diuretic that acts on distal convoluted tubule. Used for chronic heart failure, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

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Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic

Front 34

Diuretic that works on the loop of henle. Used for acute heart failure and pulmonary edema

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Furosemide

Front 35

Patient given Clonidine. Developed rebound hypertension. Drug of choice

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Phentolamine

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Irreversible blocker of vesicular monoamine transporter previously used for hypertension

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Reserpine

Front 37

Nerve terminal blocker that inhibits vesicular release of norepinephrine from presynaptic neuron. Previously used for hypertension.

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Guanethidine

Front 38

Beta nonselective adrenergic antagonist that can be used for pheochromocytoma due to alpha and beta blockade effect

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Labetalol

Front 39

Patient given vasodilator drug for hypertension. Subsequently developed drug induced lupus. Drug given

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Hydralazine

Front 40

Vasodilator that opens K channels in vascular smooth muscle. Specific for arterioles

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Minoxidil

Front 41

Non dihydropyridine Ca blockers that have more effect on cardiac than vascular. Used for angina, HTN, and SVT

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Verapamil, Diltiazem

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Dihydropyridine Ca channel blockers more specific for vascular than cardiac. Used for HTN, and angina

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Nifedipine, nicardipine, amlodipine

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Side effect shared by dihydropyridine and non dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

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Gingival hyperplasia

Front 44

Vasodilator that can cause cyanide toxicity

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Nitroprusside

Front 45

Dopamine agonist used in hypertensive emergency

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Fenoldopam

Front 46

ACE inhibitors. Used for hypertension and chronic heart failure

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Captopril, enalapril

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Reason why ACE inhibitors are given post-MI

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Prevents cardiac remodelling

Front 48

Angiotensin receptor blockers. Used for HTN, and HF.

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Losartan, telmisartan

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Electrolyte abnormality caused by ACE-I and ARBs

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Hyperkalemia. Because they reduce aldosterone levels leading to potassium retention

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Renin antagonist used for hypertension

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Aliskiren

Front 51

Nitrate used for cyanide poisoning

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Amyl nitrite

Front 52

Short acting nitrate used for angina and ACS

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Nitroglycerin/isosorbide mononitrate. Releases Nitric oxide, increases cGMP.

Front 53

Patient came in for vasospasm of fingers and toes. Drug of choice

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Diltiazem. Used for Raynaud phenomenon

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Calcium channel blocker used for Prinzemetal angina

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Diltiazem

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Side effect of beta blockers in DM patients

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Masks hypoglycemia

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Cardiac glycoside used for acute heart failure

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Digoxin

Front 57

Diuretic used for immediate reduction of pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema

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Furosemide

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First line drugs for chronic heart failure

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ACE inhibitors (ie captopril) and ARBs (ie Losartan)

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Classification of anti arrhythmics

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Class I: sodium channel blocker

Class II: beta-adrenoreceptor blocker

Class III: potassium channel blocker

Class IV: calcium channel blocker

Class V: misc. Anti arrhytmics

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Phase in which class I anti arrhytmics act on

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Phase 0

Front 61

Patient with arryhythmia was given a sodium channel blocker. Subsequently developed lupus-like syndrome. Drug given

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Procainamide

Front 62

Class I sodium channel blocker anti arrhythmic with marked antimuscarinic effect

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Disopyranide

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Class I sodium channel blocker anti arrhythmic also used for malaria

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Quinidine

Front 64

Patient with arrhythmia given sodium channel blocker. Subsequently developed headache, vertigo, and tinnitus. Drug given

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Quinidine, whose side effect includes Chinchonism

Front 65

Drug given to reverse drug induced arrhythmias

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Sodium lactate

Front 66

Patient who previously suffered from myocardial infarction developed ventricular tachycardia. Drug of choice

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Lidocaine

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Drug for digoxin toxicity

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Lidocaine

Front 68

Patient with arrhythmia was given class IB anti arrhythmic. Subsequently developed agranulocytosis. Drug given

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Tocainide

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Class I antiarrhytmic used for refractory arrythmia

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Flecainide

Front 70

Class II antiarrhythmics act on this phase of cardiac action potential

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Phase 4

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Drug used as post-MI prophylaxis against sudden death

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Propranolol, metoprolol, timolol

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Selective beta 1 blocker used for acute perioperative and thyrotoxic arrhythmias

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Esmolol

Front 73

Class III antiarrhythmics act on this phase of the cardiac action potential

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Phase 3

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Class III antiarrhythmics used for atrial fibrillation

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Dofetilide, sotalol

Front 75

Patient with arrhythmia given drug. Subsequently developed hypo/hyperthyroidism. Drug given

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Amiodarone, which can cause Wolff-Chaikoff effect

Front 76

Patient with arrhythmia given drug. Subsequently developed pulmonary fibrosis. Drug given

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Amiodarone

Front 77

Antiarrhythmic that exhibits group I, II, III, and IV activity

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Amiodarone

Front 78

Antiarrhytmic of choice in OPD setting for SVT.

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Verapamil

Front 79

Drug of choice for paroxysmal SVT

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Adenosine

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Site of action of acetazolamide

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Proximal convoluted tubule. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Front 81

Diuretic that can be used for mountain sickness

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Acetazolamide. Metabolic acidosis = increase respiration

Front 82

Site of action of Furosemide

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Thick ascending limb of loop of henle. Furosemide is a loop diuretic

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Site of action of hydrochlorothiazide

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Distal convoluted tubule. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic.

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Acid base disorder associated with loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics

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Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis

Front 85

Site of action of spironolactone

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Cortical collecting duct. Spironolactone is a K sparing diuretic

Front 86

Patient being given diuretic complained of gynecomastia. Drug given

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Spironolactone; can cause gynecomastia due to anti-adrogenic effect.

Front 87

Osmotic diuretic given for increased ICP and acute glaucoma

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Mannitol

Front 88

Drug given for central diabetes insipidus

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ADH/desmopressin/vasopressin

Front 89

Antidiuretic drug that can be given for patients with hemophilia/von Willebrand's disease

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ADH. Can increase activity of Factor VIII

Front 90

Patient presents with headache, anorexia and malaise. Lab test revealed hyponatremia. SIADH considered. ADH antagonist to be given

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Conivaptan