Pharmacology Test Ii Drug Flashcards

Front 1

Methylphenidate/Ritalin

Back 1

Amphetamine-like drug (CNS stimulant)
Pregnancy Category C
To correct hyperactivity caused by ADHD, increase attention span, treat fatigue, and control narcolepsy.
Acts primarily on the reticular activating system and cerebral cortex.

given by mouth in children greater than 6 for ADHD and for adults 10mg 2-3x/day 30 mins before meals for narcolepsy also by mouth.

Po: Onset is .5-1hr
peak: 1-3 h
Duration 4-6 hours
SR: 4-8 hours

Contrainidcations:
Hypersensitivity, hyperthyroidism, anxiety, history of seizures, motor tics, tourette syndrome, glaucoma.

Adverse reactions:
Tachycardia, hypertension, growth suppression, palpitations, transient loss of weight in children, increased hyperactivity.
Life threatening: exfoliative dermatitis, uremia, thrombocytopenia.

Front 2

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Back 2

Anticonvulsant
Pregnancy Category D
prevents tonic-clonic (grand mal) and complext partial seizures.
Reduces motor cortex activity by altering transport of ions.

Dosages: PO: 100 mg tid, qid
IV:LD: 10-15 mg/kg/d; infusion, <50 mg/min; max: 300 mg/d in divided doses.
C: initially 5 mg/kg/d in 2-3 divided doses;4-8 mg/kg/d in divided doses
Therapeutic serum range: 10-20 mcg/ml
Toxic:30-50 mcg/mL

PO: onset .5-2hrs
Peak 1.5-3 hours
Duration: 6-12 hours

IV: onset: within min-1 h
Peak: 2 h
Duration > 12 h

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity, heart block, psychiatric disorders, pregnancy.

Adverse reactions: Leukopenia, hepatitis, depression, gingival hyperplasia, gingivitis, nystagmus, hirsutism, osteoporosis.

Life threatening: Aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hypotension, ventricular fibrillation, encephalopathy

Front 3

Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet)

Back 3

Antiparkinson: Dopaminergic
Pregnancy Category C
treats parkinsonism; relieves tremors and rigidity.
Transmission of levodopa to brain cells for conversion to dopamine; carbidopa blocks the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the peripheral nervous system.

A: PO: 1:10 ration initially 10/100 c/l tid, maint: 2/250 mg tid.
PO: onset 15 minutes
Peal: 1-3 hours
Duration 5-12 hours

Contraindications: narrow angle glaucomal severe cardiac, renal or hepatic disease.

Adverse reactions: involuntary choreiform movements, palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, psychosis, severe depression, hallucinations.
Life-threatening: Agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, cardiac dysrhythmias, leukopenia.

Front 4

Tacrine (Cognex)

Back 4

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Pregnancy category C
Improves memory loss
Elevates acetylchoine concentration

Contraindications:
Liver and renal diseases

PO:onset .5 hours
Peak 3 hours
Duration 24-36 hours
Adverse reactions:
life threatening: hepatotoxicity.

Front 5

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Back 5

Alkylating drug
Pregnancy category D
Treats breast, lung, ovarian cancers; hodgkin's disease; leukemias; lymphomas. An immunosuppresant agent.
Inhibits protein synthesis through interferences with DNA replication by alkylation of DNA.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, severe bone marrow depression.

PO/IV onset 7 days
Peak: 10-14 days
Duration: 21 days

Hemorrhagic cystitis, secondary neoplasm, bone marrow depression.
Life threatening: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, cardiotoxicity (very high doses), hepatotoxicity (long term)

Front 6

Aspirin

Back 6

Analgesic/anti inflammatory drug
Pregnancy category D
Therapeutic Effects: reduces pain and inflammatory symptoms; decreases body temperature. inhibits platelet aggregation.
mode of action: inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, inhibition of hypothalamic heat-regulator center.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to salicylates or NSAIDS, flu or virus symptoms in children, 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

PO: Onset: 15-30 min
Peak 1-2 hours
Duration 4-6 hours
PR: Onset 1-2 hours
Peak 3-5 hours
Duration 4-7 hours

Ranges: 15-30mg/dl, 150-300 mcg/ml.

Adverse Reactions:
tinnitus, urticaria, ulceration
Life threatening: agranulation, hemolytic anemia, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia.

Front 7

colchicine/Novocolchine

Back 7

anti inflammatory gout drug
Pregnancy category C
Treats acute gout and prophylaxis of recurrent gouty arthritis.
PO and IV

Front 8

Acetaminophen

Back 8

analgesic
pregnancy category B
Therapeutic effects/uses: to decrease pain and fever.
mode of action: inhibition (weak) or prostaglandin synthesis, inhibition of hypothalamic heat-regulator center

Contraindications: severe hepatic or renal disease, alcoholism, hypersensitivity.

PO: onset: 10-30 minutes
peak 1-2 hours
duration 3-5 hours
Rectal: onset UK
peak:UK
duration 4-6 hours

Adverse reactions: Severe hypoglycemia, oliguria, urticaria.
Life threatening: hemorrhage, hepatotoxicity, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.

Front 9

morphine sulfate

Back 9

opioid
pregnancy category B
relieves severe pain
mode of action: depresses CNS, depresses pain impulses by binding with the opiate receptor in the CNS

Contraindications:
Asthma with respiratory depression, increased ICP, shock.

PO: onset variable
Peak: 1-2 hours
Duration 4-5 hours SR: 8-12 hours

subQ/IM: onset: 15-30 minutes
Peak: SC: 50-90 minutes
IM: .5-1 hour
Duration 3-5 hours

IV: onset: rapid
peak: 20 minutes
duration 3-5 hours

Adverse reactions:
hypotension, urticaria, seizures.
Life-threatening: respiratory dpression, increased ICP

Front 10

naloxone HCl/Narcan

Back 10

narcotic antagonist
Pregnancy category B
treats respiratory depression caused by narcotics; treats narcotic-induced depressant effects and narcotic overdose.
mode of action: blocks effects of narcotics by competing for the receptor sites.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, respiration depression.

subq/IM: onset 2-5 minutes
Peak: UK
Duration 1-4 hours
IV/IO: 1-2 minutes
Peak: UK
Duration 1-4 hours

Adverse reactions: nausea, vomiting, tremulousness, sweating, tachycardia, elevated BP
Life threatening: AV fibrillation, pulmonary edema (w/ morphine overdose)

Front 11

epinephrine

Back 11

sympathomimetic
pregnancy category c
treats allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest.
mode of action: action on one or more adrenergic sites; promotion of CNS and cardiac stimulation and bronchodilation.

Contrainidications: cardiac dysrhthmias, cerebral arteriosclerosis, pregnancy, narrow angle glaucoma, cardiogenic shock.

subQ/IM: onset 3-10 minutes
Peak: 20 minutes
Duration 20-30 minutes
IV: onset: immediate
peak 2-5 minutes
duration 5-10 mins
Inhal: onset 1 min
peak 3-5 minutes
duration 1-3

Adverse reactions: palpitations, tachycardia, dyspnea
Life threatening: Vfib, pulmonary edema.

Front 12

metopropol/Lopressor

Back 12

antihypertensive: beta blocker
pregnancy category c (d in 2nd and 3rd trimester)
Controls hypertension
mode of action: promotion of blood pressure reduction via beta1 blocking effect.

Contraindications: 2nd and 3rd degree heartblock. cardiogenic shock, HF, sinus bradycardia.

PO: onset 15 minutes
Peak 1.5 hours
duration 10-19 hours

IV: onset: immediate
peak: 20 minutes
duration 5-10 hours

Adverse reactions:
Bradycardia, thrombocytopenia
Life threatening: complete heart block, bronchospasm, agranulocytosis.

Front 13

bethanechol chloride/Urecholine

Back 13

cholinergic/parasympathomimetic
pregnancy category C
treats urinary retention, abdominal discharge.
mode of action: stimulates the cholinergic (muscarinic) receptor; promotes contraction of the bladder; increase GI peristalsis, GI secretion, pupillary constriction, and bronchoconstriction.

Contraindications:
Severe bradycardia or hypotension, COPD, asthma, peptic ulcer, parkinsonism, hyperthyroidism

PO: onset .5-1.5 hours
peak 1-2 hours
durationn: 4-6 hours
subQ onset: 5-15 minutes
peak: .5 hours
duration 2 hours

Adverse reactions: orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, muscle weakness.
Life threatening: acute asthmatic attack, heart block circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest.

Front 14

Atropine

Back 14

anticholinergic/parasympatholytic
pregnancy category C
therapeutic effects: preop meds to reduce salivation, increase hr, dilate pupils.
mode of action: inhibition of acetylcholine by occupying the receptors; increase heart rate by blocking vagus stimulation; promote dilation of the pupils by blocking iris sphincter muscle.

Contraindication: narrow-angle glaucoma, obstructive GI disorders, paralytic ileus, ulcerative colitis, tachycardia, benign prostatic hypertrophy, myasthenia gravis, myocardia ischemia.

PO: onset .5-1 hour
Peak: 1-2 hours
Duration 4h

IM: Onset 10-30 minutes
peak: .5 hours
duration 4 hours

IV: onset: immediate
Peak 5 minutes
duration UK

Instill: onset: 20-30 minutes
Peak: 30-40 minutes
Duration: days

Adverse reactions: tachycardia, hypotension, pupillary dilation, abdominal distension, palpitations, nasal congestion.

Life threatening: paralytic ileus, coma.