Pharmacology Test 4 - Local Anesthetics

Front 1

Most local anesthetics function by blocking ? channels. However, ? channels are everywhere so the use of ? blockers can cause lots of side effects in other areas.

Back 1

Na channels

Front 2

Local anesthetics don't just inhibit Na channels, they also open ?

Back 2

K channels

Front 3

Local anesthetics block the initiation and propagation of action potentials

What is the minimum block to be effective?

Back 3

2-3 nodes

Front 4

Increasing extracellular calcium does what to local anesthetic action?

Increasing intracellular potassium does what to local anesthetic action?

Back 4

decreases

increases

Front 5

epinephrine potentiates the action of alpha 2 which can effectively reduce ?

Back 5

substance P

Front 6

Amides are eliminated ?

Esters are eliminated by ?

Back 6

hepatically

plasma esterases

Front 7

what can cause faster onset of local anesthetics?

Back 7

NaHCO3

Front 8

in tachyphylaxisis, repeated injection leads to ?

Back 8

reduced effect

Front 9

topical local anesthetics for ENT (cocaine)

Back 9

lidocaine + epinephrine

Front 10

Prevented by premedication with BZ (Diazepam or Midazolam)
Treated by hyperventilation

Back 10

Nystagmus, muscle twitches, convulsions

Front 11

The more neurotoxic local anesthetics include?

Back 11

Chloroprocaine and lidocaine

Front 12

is more cardiotoxic than other long-acting local anesthetics
Results in idioventricular rhythm, broad QRS, and electromechanical dissociation
Resuscitation is difficult, use propofol
S-isomer safer

Back 12

Bupivacaine

Front 13

Large doses of local anesthetics can result in

Back 13

o-toluidine accumulation

this can lead to methemoglobinemia (chocolate colored blood)