Pharmacology Test 4 - Hypothalamus/pituitary

Front 1

All hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones are what type of hormones?

Back 1

peptide

Front 2

Which hormones bind to G protein coupled receptors that stimulate or suppress cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathway? (6)

Back 2

GHRH, CRH, GNRH, ACTH, FSH, LH

Front 3

Which hormone binds to G protein coupled receptors that exert effects on potassium channels?

Back 3

somatostatin
(to inhibit GH, TH secretion)

Front 4

Which hormone binds to G protein coupled receptors to increase intracellular calcium?

Back 4

TRH
(thyrotropin releasing hormone)

Front 5

Which hormones have receptors that are single membrane-spanning peptides that activate the tyrosine kinase, JAK2, that leads to activation of signaling pathways that regulate gene induction? (2)

Back 5

GH
prolactin

Front 6

What is growth hormone's target organ?

Back 6

liver

Front 7

What does growth hormone cause the release of? (2)

Back 7

insulin-like growth factors
somatomedins

Front 8

What is the synthetic analog of GHRH?

Back 8

Sermorelin (Geref)

Front 9

What is the diagnostic use of GHRH (its analog)?

Back 9

test pituitary GH secretory capacity in short children (see if short stature is from low GH)

Front 10

Somatostatin inhibits release of growth hormone, thyroid hormone and what other hormones? (3)

Back 10

glucagon
insulin
gastrin

Front 11

What is the synthetic analog of somatostatin?

Back 11

Octreotide (Sandostatin)

Front 12

What is the therapeutic use of somatostatin (its analog)?

Back 12

acromegaly (too much GH in adults)
glucagonoma

Front 13

How does GH produce growth? (3)

Back 13

bone growth via IGFs from liver
lipolysis in adipose tissue
growth of skeletal muscles

Front 14

What is the mechanism of somatotropin injectable suspension?

Back 14

causes longitudinal bone growth via IGFs

Front 15

Hypoglycemic seizures in newborns can cause deficiency of which hormone?

Back 15

GH

Front 16

Treatment of adults with GH deficiency causes what? (3)

Back 16

increased lean body mass
increased bone density
decreased fat mass

Front 17

CRH stimulates release of what from the pituitary? (2)

Back 17

ACTH
beta-endorphin

Front 18

What is CRH used to diagnose?

Back 18

Cushing's disease
(to see if pituitary is producing ACTH)

Front 19

Where in the hypothalamus is GnRH produced?

Back 19

arcuate nucleus

Front 20

GnRH stimulates the pituitary to release which hormones?

Back 20

LH
FSH

Front 21

What is the diagnostic use of GnRH?

Back 21

determine LH response in hypogonadotropic adolescent with delayed pubery

Front 22

What are the therapeutic uses of GnRH?

Back 22

stimulation of pituitary function for infertility caused by hypothalamic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in both sexes

Front 23

Continuous GnRH analog administration is used to treat what? (3)

Back 23

prostate cancer, uterine fibroids, endometriosis

Front 24

What is a major side effect of leuprolide, nafarelin, and goserlin in women?

Back 24

osteoporosis and elevated cholesterol

Front 25

What effects are seen in men from treatment of leuprolide and goserline?

Back 25

increased serum testosterone
hot flashes
sweats

Front 26

What is a GnRH antagonist?

Back 26

Cetrolix

Front 27

What are GnRH antagonists used therapeutically for?

Back 27

endometriosis
uterine fibroids

Front 28

What type of macromolecules are FSH and LH?

Back 28

glycoprotein

Front 29

What processes are stimulated in women by FSH? (2)
In men? (1)

Back 29

women - gametogenesis and follicular development
men - spermatogenesis

Front 30

True or False - LH or FSH can be used alone or together for infertility

Back 30

False - FSH must be given with LH

Front 31

Overstimulation of the ovary can lead to what? (2)

Back 31

ovarian enlargement
multiple births

Front 32

What does LH do for men?
For women?

Back 32

men - testosterone production
women - follicular development, induce ovulation

Front 33

What is used instead of LH therapeutically?

Back 33

human chorionic gonadotropin

Front 34

What does human chorionic gonadotropin do in women?

Back 34

stimulates ovarian corpus luteum to produce progesterone

Front 35

LH and FSH are used to induce ovulation in women with what disorder?

Back 35

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Front 36

Which hormone is responsible for lactation?

Back 36

prolactin

Front 37

Which hormone inhibits prolactin release from the pituitary?

Back 37

dopamine

Front 38

What are the posterior pituitary hormones?

Back 38

ADH (vasopressin)
oxytocin

Front 39

Which hormone elicits milk ejection?

Back 39

oxytocin

Front 40

Which hormone is used to initiate labor?

Back 40

oxytocin

Front 41

ADH (vasopressin) is released in response to higher/lower BP?

Back 41

lower

Front 42

What disease state is vasopressin used to treat?

Back 42

diabetes insipidus

Front 43

What are the main effects of vasopressin in the body?

Back 43

vascular smooth muscle vasoconstriction
antidiuresis by increasing water permeability and resorption

Front 44

True or False - Desmopressin is a potent vasoconstrictor and antidiuretic

Back 44

False - Desmopressin has minimal smooth muscle effects, but is a potent antidiuretic