Pharmacology Test 2 Review

Front 1

What is the most serious side effect of Opioid use?

Back 1

Respiratory depression
(when a patient is administered a dose of morphine they should be monitored for the next 4 hours at least)

Front 2

Aside from respiratory depression which is the most serious side effect of opioid use what other side effects accompany use of this drug class?

Back 2

constipation, urinary retention, orthostatic hypotension, emesis, and elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP).

Front 3

With prolonged use of opioids a tolerance is built to most of the drugs side effects except?

Back 3

miosis and constipation

Front 4

Non morphine opiates differ from morphine opiates in their side effects? What are these differences?

Back 4

they produce less analgesia and therefore less respiratory depression

also they have a lower potential for abuse (the same goes for partial agonist opioids)

Front 5

Morphine versus Fentanyl


Fentanyl is much more potent (measured in mcg not mg.)

but what about their respective half lifes?

Back 5

morphine has a very short half life while fentanyl has a very long one making it more useful for long term pain. (transdermal administration will remain steady for 24-48 hours)

Front 6

Morphine versus Fentanyl

both can be administered via several injection routes (IM, IV, subQ, intracathetal, and epidural) but fentanyl has non injection routes available (transdermal, transmucosal, parenteral(including IV)

Back 6

IM, IV, subQ, intracathetal, and epiduraL

transdermal, transmucosal, parenteral(including IV

Front 7

Morphine versus Fentanyl

which is more appropriate for treating chronic pain?

Back 7

fentanyl because of it s long half life.

Front 8

What are the appropriate medications that should be used for tx of migraines?

Back 8

i would just go through the ch 30 flashcards because the whole chapter concerns migraines

Front 9

First-generation antipsychotic drugs produce three types of early extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS): ______ ________ AND __________

Back 9

acute dystonia, parkinsonism, and akathisia.

Front 10

Akathisia one of the EPS in FGA's is characterized by some of the same S/S of Parkinsons Disease. What are these similar S/S?

Back 10

tremors, rigidity, shuffling gait, and a masklike face.

Front 11

What are the characteristic S/S of acute dystonia?

Back 11

SEVERE spasms of the muscles of the tongue, face, neck and back). Mild spasms of the muscles of the tongue, face, neck and back are not associated with acute dystonia

Front 12

The risk of early EPS is higher with ______ potency FGA's than with ______potency FGA's.

Back 12

higher
lower

Front 13

MAOI drugs are used in individuals who have not responded to _____ or ______

Back 13

TCAs or SSRIs

Front 14

TCA's can cause what when combined with an MAOI?

Back 14

hypertensive crisis

this combination is avoided

Front 15

SSRIs can cause serotonin syndrome, especially when combined with ______ and other serotonergic drugs.

Back 15

MAOIs

Symptoms begin 2 to 72 hours after initiation of treatment and include agitation, confusion, hallucinations, hyperreflexia, tremor, and fever.

Front 16

Fluoxetine should not be combined with ____ or other serotonergic drugs.

Back 16

MAOI's

Front 17

MAOIs are first choice drugs only for patients with ______ depression.

Back 17

atypical

although they as effective as TCAs or SSRI's they are more dangerous.

Front 18

Like SSRIs (and unlike TCAs), MAOIs cause _____ ________ _______.

Back 18

direct CNS stimulation

Front 19

Like TCAs (and unlike SSRIs), MAOIs cause ______ _________.

Back 19

orthostatic hypotension