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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemotherapeutic Agents
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Used to control or eradicate an invading organism or malignancy
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Antibiotics
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Substances produces by one lifeform that are deleterious to another
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Disinfectants
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Can damage tissues; used to remove microbes from objects
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Antiseptics
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Milder than disinfectants and can be used on the skin
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Selective Toxicity
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Only harm the invading microbe or cancer cells and not the healthy host cells
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Mechanism of Action
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If a tumor cell has a vital metabolic process not shared by the host, drugs can inhibit that unique pathway
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ADME
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Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion; determines how a drug is given
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Adverse effects
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may be related to mechanism of action or something else (ex. allergic reaction)
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Antibiotic-associated colitis
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overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria in response to antibiotics
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Antibacterial spectrum
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type of bacteria a drug is usually effective against
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Narrow bacterial spectrum
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effective against G+ OR G- proteins
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Broad antibacterial spectrum
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effective against G+ AND G- bacteria
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Extended spectrum
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between narrow and broad spectrum
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Bactericidal drugs
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directly kill the bacteria
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Bacteriostatic drugs
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stop bacteria from growing
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MIC
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minimum inhibitory concentration; concentration that must be reached to inhibit bacterial growth
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Beta-lactamases
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Open the beta-lactam ring and inactivate the drug; newer drugs are designed to be mroe resistant to these enzymes
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Penicillin-binding proteins
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Permanently inhibit penicillin function
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Penicillin G
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narrow spectrum; G+ bacteria; some G- and anaerobes activity as well
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Penicillin V
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Same as Penicillin G but acid-stable and used orally
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Amoxicillin
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penetrate the outer membrane ofsome G- bacteria; some G- activity; extended spectrum; oral administration; absence of adverse effects; most widely used. Inactivated by many beta-lactamases and used in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors to be more effective
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