Pharmacology Test 2

Front 1

drugs which effect muscarinic receptors- postsynoptic structures or effectors

Back 1

Cholinergic Drugs

Front 2

autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junction

Back 2

nicotinic receptors

Front 3

available as a drug product- very limited therapeutic purposes

Back 3

acetylcholine

Front 4

not commonly used, non selective, available at a lot of different sites, will get wide spread effects

Back 4

acetylcholine

Front 5

inactivation is extremely rapid-very short effect, use topically in the eye

Back 5

acetylcholine

Front 6

acetyl ester that is fairly rapidly inactivated makes a little more effective

Back 6

methacholine

Front 7

carbamic acid ester that is very stable and not easily metabolized by choline esterase, much longer acting drug

Back 7

carbachol

Front 8

not as selective as methacholine and is used topically in the eye

Back 8

carbachol

Front 9

more selective, long duration of effect because of carbamic acid ester

Back 9

uracholine

Front 10

topically in eye, used in surgery

Back 10

acetylcholine

Front 11

glaucome or ocular sugery

Back 11

carbachol

Front 12

urinary bladder retention

Back 12

methacholine

Front 13

abdominal retention, build up of gas products

Back 13

uracholine

Front 14

decreae activity in GIT and bladder

Back 14

uracholine

Front 15

administered by injection which has a more predictable effect and sometimes orally which is very poor, delays effect and random

Back 15

acetylchonine, carbachol, methacholine, and uracholine

Front 16

side effect(s) of acethycholine, carbachol, methacholine, and uracholine

Back 16

salivation

Front 17

administed as D-pantothenyl alcohol and in body is converted to pantothenic acid

Back 17

dexpanthenol

Front 18

precursor to CoEnzyme A, absorbed better in alcohol form

Back 18

Dexpanthenol

Front 19

Dexpanthenol

Back 19

Ilopan

Front 20

take 2 to 3 tabs 3 times a day

Back 20

dexpanthenol

Front 21

enhances synthesis of acetylcholine, transfer of 2 carbon groups

Back 21

Co Enzyme A

Front 22

product good for gas retention (anti-flactulant), and also used for laxative withdrawal

Back 22

dexpanthenol (50mg) + choline (25mg)

Front 23

injection, abdominal retention, bladder retention, laxative

Back 23

dexpanthenol

Front 24

far fewer than choline estero, diarrhea, dematities, nausea

Back 24

adverse effects dexpanthenol

Front 25

injection or oral, stimulate GIT, prokinetic agent, doesn't minic ACh and doesn't interact with cholinergic receptors

Back 25

Metaclopramide

Front 26

Metaclopramide

Back 26

Reglan

Front 27

stimulate GI tract without significant impact on secretions

Back 27

prokinetic agent

Front 28

GERD

Back 28

gastroesphogeal reflux disease

Front 29

causes contraction of lower sphincter which prevents reflux , not best choice for GERD

Back 29

mechanism of action for metaclopramide

Front 30

removed from general use in 2000

Back 30

cisapride

Front 31

interacted with other drugs to cause ventricular arrthymias

Back 31

cisapride

Front 32

prokinetic agent

Back 32

cisapride

Front 33

tegaserod

Back 33

zelnorm

Front 34

prokinetic agent

Back 34

tegaserod

Front 35

5- HT4 receptor agonist

Back 35

tegaserod

Front 36

relief of abdominal pain and constipation assocaited with irritable bowl syndrome

Back 36

tegaserod

Front 37

adverse effects of tegaserod

Back 37

headache and diarrhea

Front 38

natural alkaloids, found in plants stimulate cholinergic receptors

Back 38

cholingeric agents

Front 39

are lipid soluble and distribute into CNS- expect to penetrate CNS- not a desirable effect

Back 39

secondary and tertiary amines

Front 40

tertiary amine found in leaves piolcarpus jaborandi

Back 40

pilocarpine

Front 41

used topically in the eye as a miotic agent in the management of glaucoma

Back 41

pilocarpine

Front 42

constriction of the pupil

Back 42

miotic agent

Front 43

contracts the ciliary muscle in the eye- results in blurred vision and dialation of the drainage system for ocular fluid

Back 43

pilocarpine

Front 44

sustained release- membrane placed into the culdesac of eye-lasts one week

Back 44

ocuster

Front 45

allows normal neurotransmitter to accumulate

Back 45

cholinesterase

Front 46

neurons, NMJ, RBC, more specific for acetylcholine

Back 46

true of acetylchoinesterase

Front 47

plasma, liver, intestines, more vunerable to inhibit drugs, anyting that inhibits cholinesterase

Back 47

plasma or pseudo choliesterase

Front 48

generally carbamic acid esters

Back 48

reversible ChE inhibitors

Front 49

tertiary amine found in seeds of physostigma venenosum and gets into CNS, very limited systemic use

Back 49

physotigmine

Front 50

ocular miotic agent, limited use in Alzheimer's disease, not highly selective , quick acting, use with toxicity to cholinergiv agents and is a cholinesterase inhibitor

Back 50

use of physotigmine

Front 51

neostigmine

Back 51

prostigmine

Front 52

onset 10-20 min, duration of 2 to 4 hours

Back 52

neostigmine

Front 53

stimuates the GIT and bladder, available by injection or oral tabs, cholinergic

Back 53

uses of neostigmine

Front 54

pyridostigmine

Back 54

mestinon

Front 55

duration 3-6 hours, given once a day, oral and parent, available in a sustained release product for use in myasthemia

Back 55

pyridostigmine

Front 56

ambenonium

Back 56

mytelase

Front 57

duration 4 to 8 hours, has tendency to accumulate at NMJ, administer 2-3 times daily

Back 57

ambenonium

Front 58

administer IV only, onset 20-30 sec, duration 2-4 min, used in surgery to reverse curvave like drugs, rapidly eliminated by the kidneys

Back 58

edrophonium

Front 59

edrophonium

Back 59

tensilon

Front 60

edrophonium

Back 60

enlon

Front 61

edrophonium

Back 61

reversol

Front 62

diagnostic antidote for anticholinergics and curare, reversilbe anticholinergic agen, competitive anatagonism, overcome the block

Back 62

edrophonium

Front 63

organophosphorous compounds, form a stable covalent bond at the esteratic site of ChE

Back 63

irreverisble cholinesterase inhibitors

Front 64

echothiophate

Back 64

echodide

Front 65

echothiophate

Back 65

phospholine

Front 66

used in glaucoma, miotic agent, administer drop application to eye once or twice a day or every other day, comes in powder

Back 66

echothiophate

Front 67

blurred vision, poor dim light vision, risk of catarracts with long term use, intense miotic effect, may increase IOP

Back 67

side effects of echothiophate

Front 68

liquid, developed in UK in 1952, increae adhesiveness

Back 68

Vx Gas

Front 69

penetrate skin and eye, CNS and peripheral effects, effects cholinergic neurons everywhere, miosis, blurred vision, salivation, sweathing, weazing

Back 69

symptoms of Vx Gas

Front 70

atropine sulfate

Back 70

antidote of Vx GAs

Front 71

administer 2-4 mg IV every 5 to 10 min until signs of atropine toxicity, antimuscarinic

Back 71

antido to Vx gas

Front 72

oxime functional group =N-OH

Back 72

reactivator of Vx Gas

Front 73

pralidoxime

Back 73

protopam

Front 74

dose 1-2 g IV, dislodge the irreversible ChEI from receptor, effective if administer before 36 horus following exposure,

Back 74

pralidoxime

Front 75

pyridostigmine

Back 75

mestinon

Front 76

used to prevent toxicity

Back 76

pyridostigmine

Front 77

persisted elevated intaocular pressure, increased IOP leads to degeneration of optic nerve and retina

Back 77

glaucoma

Front 78

obstructed drainage of aqueous humor

Back 78

angle closure or narrow angle

Front 79

can usually be corrected with surgery

Back 79

narrow angle glaucoma

Front 80

drainage problem usually due to increase resistance in the canal of schlemm or trobecular meshwork

Back 80

wide angle/ open angle/ cronic glaucoma

Front 81

some identifiable causes such as tumors or trauma to the eye, not really common

Back 81

secondary glaucoma

Front 82

infantile, may affect canal of schlemm, may or may not be correctable, extremely rare

Back 82

congenital glaucoma

Front 83

increase drainage by decreasing the reduction of the filtration angle

Back 83

miotice agents in narrow angle glaucoma

Front 84

contract the ciliary muscle- dialates the drainage system

Back 84

miotic agents in wide angle glaucoma

Front 85

direct acting miotic agents

Back 85

pilocarpine

Front 86

put in eyes once a week

Back 86

ocusert

Front 87

more viscosity, increase duration, 3 to 4 times daily

Back 87

pilogel and piloplex

Front 88

blurred vision, poor dim light, night vision

Back 88

adverse effects of miotic agents

Front 89

decrease IOP by increasing drainage of aqueous humor, may produce slight reaction in formation of aqueous humor, used in combo with pilocarpine

Back 89

sympathomimetics agents

Front 90

dialate pupils, no good in narrow angle

Back 90

adverse effects of sympathomimetics agents

Front 91

epinephrine

Back 91

sympathomimetics agents

Front 92

dipivefrin

Back 92

proline

Front 93

administer one drop every 12 hours

Back 93

dipivefrin

Front 94

penetrates 17 times greater into the anterior chamber

Back 94

dipivefrin

Front 95

alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonists

Back 95

apraclondine and brimonidine

Front 96

decrease formation of aqueous humor, may have small effect on drainage,

Back 96

alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonists

Front 97

one or tow drips tid

Back 97

apraclondine

Front 98

adverse effects of apraclondine

Back 98

dialate pupil

Front 99

apraclondine

Back 99

iopidine

Front 100

brimonidine

Back 100

alphagan

Front 101

1 drop tid

Back 101

brimonidine

Front 102

reduce IOP formation by reducing availability of HCO3-

Back 102

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Front 103

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Back 103

brinzolamide and dorzolamide

Front 104

brinzolamide

Back 104

azopt

Front 105

1 drop tid

Back 105

brinzolamide

Front 106

1 drop tid

Back 106

dorzolamide

Front 107

dorzolamide

Back 107

trusopt

Front 108

burning senstation, sensation of foreign object in eye, bitter taste, mild conjunctivitis

Back 108

adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Front 109

decrease IOP by increasing drainage of aqueous humor

Back 109

prostaglandin analogs

Front 110

prostaglandin analogs

Back 110

latanoprost, travoprost, unoprostone, bimatoprost

Front 111

latanoprost

Back 111

xalatan

Front 112

travoprost

Back 112

travatan

Front 113

unoprostone

Back 113

rescula

Front 114

bimatoprost

Back 114

lumigan

Front 115

administer 1 drop once daily, use in a combination, esters hydrolyzed by esterases in cornea

Back 115

prostaglandin analogs

Front 116

increase pigmentation, conjunctivitis, increase growth of eyelashes, stimulate formation of melanin, give if another therapy is not working well

Back 116

prostaglandin analogs adverse effects

Front 117

perservative in eye drop

Back 117

benzalkonium chloride

Front 118

anticholinergics and corticosteriods

Back 118

drugs contraindicated in glaucoma

Front 119

dialate pupils, old antidepressents and tranquilizer drugs, narrow angle

Back 119

anticholingergics contraindicated in glaucoma

Front 120

topical may increase IOP, eye drop cause fluid reterntion, caution in all types of glaucoma

Back 120

corticosteriod drugs contraindicated in glaucoma

Front 121

chronic autoimmunve disease characterized by skeletal muscle weakness

Back 121

myasthenia gravis