Pharmacology Terms (Drugs, Etc.)

Front 1

Zileuton

Back 1

5-LOX inhibitor (for ashtma)

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zafirlukast

Back 2

LTD4, LTE4 antag

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methylxanthines

Back 3

- for asthma (bronchodilator) by:
- block adenosine
- inhibit phosphodiesterase
- other effects like caffeine (since caffeine is one... incr. HR, incr. alert, incr. gastric acid + pepsin, conulsions and arrhythmia at high doses, etc.)
- removed by CYP 450 in liver; drug interactions bad because low therapeutic range

Front 4

xanthine oxidase

Back 4

- makes uric acid (gout)

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diphenhydramine

Back 5

- H1 antag (1st gen)
- dry mouth (anticholinergic)

Front 6

phenothiazines

Back 6

- H1 antag (1st gen)
- also block seretonin and Epinephrine

Front 7

chlorpheniramine (like diphenhydramine))

Back 7

- H1 antag (1st gen)

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Loratidine

Back 8

- H1 antag (2nd gen)

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cetirizine

Back 9

H1 antag (2nd gen)

Front 10

dimenhydrinate

Back 10

- gravol (h1 antag)

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cimetidine

Back 11

- H2 antag
- inhibits CYP P450

Front 12

ranitidine

Back 12

- H2 antag

Front 13

famotidine

Back 13

- H2 antag

Front 14

serotonin is made from what aa?

Back 14

tryptophan

Front 15

NE and E made from which aa?

Back 15

tyrosine

Front 16

enterochromaffin-like cells hold what?

Back 16

histamine

Front 17

enterochromaffin cells hold what?

Back 17

serotonin

Front 18

sumatriptan

Back 18

5HT1 agonist (for migrane)

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Ondansetron

Back 19

- 5HT3 antag (antiemetic)

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cisapride

Back 20

(hard)
- 5HT4 agonist (incr. GI motility)

Front 21

tubocurarine

Back 21

- displaces histamine from heparin binding sites in granules, along with morphine
- neuro muscular inhibitor

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cromolyn

Back 22

stop mast degranulation

Front 23

urticaria

Back 23

hives

Front 24

bromocriptine

Back 24

- stimulates dopamine / dopamine agonist
- inhibits prolactin

Front 25

dopamine inhibits what hormone?

Back 25

prolactin

Front 26

ergot alkaloids are agonists for what receptors?

Back 26

5HT, dopamine, alpha

Front 27

SRS-A contains what?

Back 27

- slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis
- LTC4, E4, D4

Front 28

indomethacin

Back 28

- indole derivative
- potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor
- lots toxicities to it (headache, nausea, psychoses, ulcers, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, confusion, depression)
- (used to close ductus arteriosus)

Front 29

misoprostol

Back 29

- PGE analog
- stop stomach secretions (acid, etc.)
- give with arthritis drugs (when inhibit PG) so won't get ulcers
- causes diarrhea

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leuteolytic effect

Back 30

- regression of corpeus leutium (from PGF2a effects)

Front 31

glucocorticoid

Back 31

- stimulate synthesis lipocortin -> inhibit phospholipase
- decrease AA -> decrease eicosenoids

Front 32

lipocortin

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- stimulated by glucocorticoid
- inhibit phospholipase (therefore AA)

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celecoxib

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celebrex (cox II inhib)

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rofecoxib

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vioxx (cox II inhib)

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ETYA

Back 35

- like AA, but triple bonds (so inhibit lipooxygenase, maybe cyclo too?)
- lipid soluble, so sucked up into random places, doesn't work in vivo

Front 36

FLAP

Back 36

5-lipooxygenase activating protein

Front 37

montelukast

Back 37

(hard)
Leukotriene inhibitor
- tradename singulair

Front 38

ASA is bad for people with what 3 conditions?

Back 38

- ulcers (because incr. acid in stomach)
- asthma (bronchconstriction, etc.)
- renal failure (PG reliant)

Front 39

aryl propionic acid derivatives

Back 39

NSAIDs like ibuprofin, naproxin

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naproxin

Back 40

like ibuprofin, but t1/2 = 14h instead of 2-6

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DMARDs

Back 41

Disease Modifying Anti Rhumetic Drugs
(aka - SAARDs - slow acting...)

Front 42

hydroxychloroquine

Back 42

- a DMARD
- antimalarial
- ototoxicity and ocular toxicitity (retinopathy)

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teratogenicity

Back 43

- birth defects

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stomatitis

Back 44

swelling of oral mucosa

Front 45

methotrexate

Back 45

immunosuppressive drug (a DMARDs)
- causes stomatitis, teratogenicity, and GI defects

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TNF-a

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proinflammatory cytokine

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IL-1

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proinflammatory cytokine

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infliximab

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monoclonal antibody to TNFa

Front 49

etanercept

Back 49

- bind 2 TNFa
- increase chance Tb

Front 50

sodium urate crystals are the problem in...

Back 50

gout

Front 51

colchicine

Back 51

- stop migration of MTs in granulocytes, inhibiting migration
- for gout

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allopurinol

Back 52

- inhibit Xanthine Oxidase
- forms alloxanthine, which also inhibits

Front 53

uricosuric drugs

Back 53

- decrease urate reabsorption in proximal tuble (for gout)

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probenecid

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uricosuric drug

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sulfinpyrazone

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uricosuric drug

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acute (stopping of asthma)

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termination of attack

Front 57

prophylactic (stopping of asthma)

Back 57

prevention of attack

Front 58

sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium)

Back 58

stops mast cell degranulation (asthma)
- with inhaler

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beclomethasone

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- a glucocorticoid (for asthma)

Front 60

theophylline

Back 60

- a methylxanthine (the prototype)
- others are caffeine and theobromine

Front 61

treatment for infantile apnea

Back 61

methylxanthines

Front 62

PSNS predominates: (4 items)

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- cilliary muscles
- heart
- salivary glands
- bronchiole smooth muscle

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SNS predominates: (2 items)

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- sweat glands
- veins and arterioles

Front 64

sweat glands have what type of receptor?

Back 64

muscarinic (even though SNS)

Front 65

renal vascular smooth muscle has what type of receptor?

Back 65

dopamine (even though SNS)

Front 66

hemicholinium

Back 66

stops uptake of choline (with Na)

Front 67

choline acetyl transferase

Back 67

makes ACh from choline and AcCoa

Front 68

vesamicol

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inhibits transport of ACh into vesicles

Front 69

tyrosine hydroxylase

Back 69

- tyrosine -> DOPA
- rate limiting step of NE formation

Front 70

aromatic a.a. decarboxylase

Back 70

DOPA -> dopamine

Front 71

dopamine-B hydroxylase

Back 71

- dopamine -> NE
- in vesicle

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metyrosine

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inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase

Front 73

PNMT

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NE -> E (in adrenal medulla)

Front 74

reserpine

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- stops transfer of dopamine into vesicles (for NE)

Front 75

cocaine

Back 75

- inhibit reputake of NE

Front 76

COMT

Back 76

- catechol-o-methyltransferase
- metabolise NE

Front 77

MAO

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monoamine oxidase
- metabolise NE

Front 78

atropine

Back 78

block muscarinic

Front 79

adrenal medulla has what type of receptor?

Back 79

Nn

Front 80

M1 + M3 acts through what second messenger?

Back 80

- incr. IP3, DAG
- incr. CA, activ. PKC

Front 81

M2 acts through what second messenger?

Back 81

- decr. adenylyl cyclase
- decr. CA, open K+

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a1 acts through what second messenger?

Back 82

- incr. IP3, DAG
- incr. CA, activ. PKC

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a2 acts through what second messenger?

Back 83

- decr. adenylyl cyclase
- decr. cAMP dependent PK

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B1 + B2 act through what second messenger?

Back 84

- incr. adenylyl cyclase
- incr. cAMP dependent PK

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baroreceptor reflex originates in the...

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carotid sinus (and aaortic arch)

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phenelzine

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MAO inhibitor

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mydriasis

Back 87

- pupil dilation

Front 88

what SNS receptor controls pupil size?

Back 88

a1 - contraction of radial pupillary dilatior

Front 89

what SNS receptor controls ciliary muscle?

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b2 - relaxes it

Front 90

what SNS receptor controls the liver?

Back 90

B2 - glyconeolysis, gluconeogenesis

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what SNS receptor controls the pancreas?

Back 91

a

Front 92

what SNS receptor controls fat cells?

Back 92

B1

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ipratropium

Back 93

- like atropine
- synthetic, quaternary
- muscarinc blocker
- used for asthma (inhibit bronchoconstrict and secretions)

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salbutamol

Back 94

B2 agonist (for asthma)
- with inhaler
- salmeterol (longer acting)

Front 95

tocolytic

Back 95

- stops premature labour

Front 96

phenylephrine

Back 96

- a1 + a2 agonist

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clondine

Back 97

- a2 agonist (for hypertension)

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dobutamine

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- b1 agonist (for failing heart)

Front 99

terbutaline

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- B2 agonist (prevent premature labour)

Front 100

ephedrine

Back 100

- like amphetamine (release NE)
- used in China
- weak base, excreted in urine
- crosses BBB easily

Front 101

methylphenidate

Back 101

- like amphetamine
- for ADHD

Front 102

tyramine

Back 102

- amphetamine like
- cheese reaction (with MAO inhibitor)

Front 103

pheochromocytoma

Back 103

- catecholeamine secreting tumour of chromaffin tissue (hypertension)
- treat with a and b blockers

Front 104

phenoxybenzamine

Back 104

- a1 + a2 antagonist (irreversable)

Front 105

phentolamine

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- a1 + a2 antagonist (competitive)

Front 106

yohimbine

Back 106

- a2 antag

Front 107

- Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Back 107

- use a1 antag

Front 108

prazosin

Back 108

- a1 antag (to treat BPH)

Front 109

tamusolin

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- a1 antag

Front 110

atenolol / metoprolol

Back 110

- B1 antag

Front 111

miosis

Back 111

- contraction of pupils

Front 112

bethanechol

Back 112

- M3 (and little M2) agonist
- GI motility
- bladder emptying

Front 113

pilocarpene

Back 113

- M3 agonist
- lipid soluble (3o amine)
- for glaucoma

Front 114

butyrylcholinesterase

Back 114

- plasma cholinesterase (+ liver, non-neuronal cells)
- hydrolyzes ester containing drugs

Front 115

myasthenia gravis

Back 115

- loss of N receptors
- muscle weakness; drooping eyelids, etc.

Front 116

edrophonium

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- reversible, short acting anticholinesterase
- not well absorbed
- diagnose myasthenia gravis

Front 117

neostigmine

Back 117

- reversible, medium acting anticholinesterase
- not well absorbed
- treat myasthenia gravis
- anesthtists reverse NMJ blocking drugs
- incr. GI motility, empty bladder

Front 118

physostigmine

Back 118

- reversible, mid acting anticholinesterase
- well absorbed
- treat glaucoma topically

Front 119

parathion

Back 119

- permanent cholinesterase blocker
- insectiside
- toxic humans - can't remove

Front 120

malathion

Back 120

- permanent cholinesterase blocker
- insectiside

Front 121

ecothiophate

Back 121

- permanent cholinesterase blocker
- not well absorbed
- treat glaucoma topically

Front 122

sarin

Back 122

- permanent cholinesterase blocker
- used in war

Front 123

alzheimer's is trying what as a drug?

Back 123

cholinesterase inhibitors

Front 124

pralidoxime

Back 124

cholinesterase reactivator

Front 125

cycloplegia

Back 125

- no near vision (when you have muscarinic blockers)

Front 126

muscarinic antag do what to HR?

Back 126

- first decr. (because loss of negative feedback)
- then incr.

Front 127

scopolamine

Back 127

- muscarinic antagonist (lipid soluble)

Front 128

lobeline

Back 128

- like nicotine, less potent
- lipid soluble
- both are alkaloids (acidic urine makes excretion easier)

Front 129

trimethaphan

Back 129

- ganglionic blocking drug
- used for hypotension in certain anesthetic procedures

Front 130

hexamethonium

Back 130

- ganglionic blocking drug
- originally used for hypotension

Front 131

pancuronium

Back 131

- neuromuscular blocking agent (longest lasting)

Front 132

vecuronium

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- neuromuscular blocking agent (shortest and fastest)

Front 133

decamethonium

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depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
- not succeptable to cholinesterase

Front 134

succinylcholine

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- depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

Front 135

Reyes syndrome

Back 135

- neurological disorder
- happens when give ASA to kids with fever

Front 136

tartazine

Back 136

- yellow food colouring
- allergic to ASA of allergic to this

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capsicum

Back 137

- heat in heat rubs
- in hot peppers

Front 138

pseudoephedrine

Back 138

- a agonist (used in cold preparations as decongestant)

Front 139

phenylpropanolamine

Back 139

- a agonist (for decongestant)
- not used anymore because caused strokes in young women

Front 140

dextromethorphan

Back 140

- cough suppressent
- codeine also works

Front 141

glyceryl guaiacolate

Back 141

- an expectorant (in cold medication)

Front 142

expectorant

Back 142

- reduce viscosity of septum (supposed to...)

Front 143

antiseptic

Back 143

- kills bacteria
- in lozenges / mouthwash
- phenols, benzoic acid, cetylpyridinium chloride

Front 144

hydrocortisone

Back 144

- reduce inflammation
- for poison ivy, insect bites

Front 145

calamine lotion

Back 145

- for insect bites, poison ivy
- cooling, temporary relief

Front 146

valerian

Back 146

- contain valepotriates
- "sedative and hypnotic" (CNS depressant, so interaction with alcohol?)
- placebo

Front 147

Devil's Claw

Back 147

- for inflammation
- biotransformmed in gut -> not effective

Front 148

comefrey

Back 148

- stimulates cell proliferation
- wound healing
- should not be used internally -> liver injury (people use for ulcers though)

Front 149

feverfew

Back 149

- for migranes
- lots of toxicities
- antipyretic, antispasmodic, emmenogogue
-

Front 150

sesquiterpene lactones (in what herbal?)

Back 150

(hard)
- in feverfew

Front 151

ginseng

Back 151

- adaptogen
- aphrodesiac
- enhances memory, learning, physical stamina, health
- yeah right!

Front 152

kava

Back 152

- anti-anxiety
- mild sedative
- problems with alcohol, scaly skin... severe warnings from health canada

Front 153

warfarin

Back 153

- anticoagulant

Front 154

thalidomide

Back 154

- prevent morning sickness
- in first trimester, has teratogenicity on child

Front 155

cabachol

Back 155

- like Ach
- less succeptable to AchE

Front 156

methacholine

Back 156

- like Ach
- a bit less Nicotinic activity
- a bit less AchE activity

Front 157

bromfenac

Back 157

- NSAID taken off market because of serious hepatotoxicity

Front 158

carbamazepine

Back 158

- anticonvulsant
- serious hypersensitivity reactions

Front 159

hapten

Back 159

- drug that binds to protein, then can be sensitzed to it (allergic response)

Front 160

clavulinic acid

Back 160

- increases effects of penicillin

Front 161

sulfonamides

Back 161

- displace methotrexate, phenytoin, and warfarin from albumin (therefore, higher blood conc.)

Front 162

ethanol, carbamazepine, phenytoin - worry about what when taking these drugs?

Back 162

incr. effect CYP 450

Front 163

tetracycline

Back 163

- antibiotic used for acne
- can't absorb when complex with antacid or Ca

Front 164

debrisoquine hydroxylase deficiency

Back 164

CYP 450 2D6 deficiency
- 2D6 metabolizes ecstacy, codeine

Front 165

S-mephenytoin hydroxylase deficiency

Back 165

CYP 450 2C19 deficiency (Japanese and Chinese)

Front 166

NAT (2 types)

Back 166

N acetyl transferase (Phase 2 rxn)
- NAT1 - broad, in lots tissues
- NAT2 - in specific tissues

Front 167

isoniazid

Back 167

- acetylated by NAT
- VB6 deficency when not enough NAT (neuronal toxicity)

Front 168

thymidylate synthase

Back 168

dUMP -> dTMP for DNA
- polymorphic - people with 3 (instead of 2) less effective anti-cancer drug

Front 169

malignant hyperthemia

Back 169

- when give anesthetic and depolarizing muscle relaxant
- Ca channel problem (stays open to stimulation)
- RYR1 gene - problem in pigs, 50% problem in humans

Front 170

dimercaprol (BAL)

Back 170

- chelating agent for bismuth, arsenic, lead, polonium, mercury
- DMSA less toxic (since BAL also toxic)

Front 171

EDTA

Back 171

- binds calcium, but lead much better
- chelating agent

Front 172

oral penicillamine (chealating agent for...)

Back 172

for copper

Front 173

deferoxamine

Back 173

chealating agnet for iron

Front 174

CN (binds with? to treat (2 ways))

Back 174

ferric iron (Fe3+) - use nitrile
- thiosulfate acts as sulfur source to inactivate

Front 175

fomepizole

Back 175

- new alcohol dehydrogenaze inhibitor

Front 176

to treat bromide poisoning...

Back 176

give chlorine

Front 177

methylene blue

Back 177

- to treat methemoglobinemia
- intermediate electron acceptor from NADPH