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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Amphetamines? What is their action? What is their clinical use? What are their associated Toxicity and Side-effects?
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indirect acting sympathomimetic
displaces NE and DA from vesicles, reverses VMAT, blocks plasma membrane NT transporter. Used for ADHD, narcolepsy, antidepressant in elderly, behv activator. Tox: tolerance and sensitization sympathetic nervous sys activation mania-delirium, paranoid psychosis, convulsions, circulatory collapse. Rebound dysphoria, depression, need for sleep, hunger. High risk of addiction. |
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What is Cocaine? What is its action? What is its toxicity? What are the symptoms during rebound?
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local anesthetic and is an indirect acting sympathomimetic (primarily by blocking the plasma membrane NT transporters for DA, NE and also 5HT (unlike amphet, does not act on VMAT)
short acting euphoriant Tox: CV stim, arrhythm, hypertherm, seizures. Rebound: dysphoria, depression, anxiety, agitation, paranoia, suicidality, anhedonia, need for sleep. Intensity of euphoria depends on route of adm. High risk of addiction. |
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What is the use and mechanism of Methylphenidate?
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used for ADHD
blocks plasma membrane NE and DM transporter, but no effect on VMAT. |
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What is the mechanism of Modafinil? What is its clinical use?
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stimulant used for narcolepsy
antidepressant, MOA not known. |
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What is the mechanism of Atomoxetine? What is its clinical use?
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alternative used for ADHD
selective inhibition of the NE reuptake pump |
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What is the mechanism of Ephedrine (aka ma huang)? What is its use?
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used to increase arousal, bronchodilator, mild euphoriant. a and b adrenergic agonist and enhances NE release.
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What is the mechanism of action of Caffeine?
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most widely used psychostimulant. Primarily acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist, but high conc also result in phosphodiesterase inhib and Ca release inhib. What are the effects of caffeine?
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What is the associated toxicity of caffeine? When is it contraindicated?
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palpitations, tachycardia, GI upset, insomnia, irritability, tremulousness, muscle twitching, withdrawal headache. Is not thought to promote ADHD or seizures, but is contraindicated during pregnancy.
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What is a positive reinforcer?
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“stimulus that increases the frequency of behavior that leads to its presentation.” Drugs that produce euphoria activate DA release in the VTA, NAc and Pfc – which form the ‘reward’ system.
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