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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was Chloramphenicol originally made from?
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this was originally isolated from streptomyces venezueale
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What is the MAJOR potential side effect of Chloramphenicol?
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fatal aplastic anemia
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How does Chloramphenicol work?
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reversibly binds 50S, and prevents tRNA attachment to the ribosome
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How do bugs become resistant to Chloramphenicol?
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by produing an acetyl transferase
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Does Chloramphenicol penetrate the CNS and Eyes?
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Yes it does, with good concentrations. This distributes to all tissues
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What metabolizes Chloramphenicol?
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the liver conjugates it with glucuronic acid
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How much active Chloramphenicol is in the urine?
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only 10% is excreted in active form
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What can Chloramphenicol do to mammalian cells?**
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this can inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis*
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What should Chloramphenicol NOT be given for?
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ordinary infections, only overwhelming ones
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How can Chloramphenicol affect infants?
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this can cause a Gray Baby syndrome.
Abdominal distention, vomiting, cyanosis, respiratory distress, and death. **Due to an inability to conjugate and excrete drug** |
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What specific diseases is Chloramphenicol used to treat? (5)
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Typhoid fever
Meningitis Eye infections G- organisms Ricketsia, Brucellosis, RMSF |
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What are the major drug interactions of Chloramphenicol?
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inhibits hepatic metabolism of tolbutamide
Inhibits P-450 |
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is there cross resistance with tetracyclines?
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yes there is, resistant to one, resistant to all
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How do tetracyclines work?
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These inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
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What bugs are very sensitive to tetracyclines?
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amebiasis in plasmodium falciparum infections
and bacilary dysentery |
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How does resistance to tetracyclines occur?
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transporting the drug out of the cell
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What is the absorption of tetracyclines like in the gut?
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this is kinda low, due to chelation with Ca Fe and AL
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What tissues do tetracyclines NOT penetrate?
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CNS and joints
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What is the absorption of Doxycycline and Minocycline like?
mainly due to bile excretion |
slow uptake, and slow out because of Bile excretion
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What are the GI side effects of tetracyclines?
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these can modify the enteric organism, and cause over growth of yeast, enterococi, proteus, pseudomonas, and candidia
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Who should not get tetracyclines?
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pregnant women or children below age of 8 years
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What can tetracyclines do to kidneys?
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these can cause renal tubualr acidosis
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How can tetracyclines affect skin?
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these can photosensitize blondes
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What is tetracyclines the DOC for? **
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
chlamydiae** rickettsia spirochetes |
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What odd infections can tetracyclines treat?
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plauge, tularemia, brucellosis
Entamoeba histolytica, plasmodium falciparum |
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What is Tigecycline?
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this is a derivative of minocycline
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How is Tigecycline given?
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IV
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What does Tigecycline do to bacteria?
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this is bacteriostatic, binds 30S subunit
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What bug is Tigecycline very good against?
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MRSA
MR Staph Epidermidis Vancomycin resistant enterococci |
