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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose in changing the side chains of sulfa drugs?
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affects rate of absorption
excretion and solubility in the urine |
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What is the essential portion of a sulfa drug?
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free para amino group
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In general, what do sulfa drugs do to bugs?
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these are bacteriostatic
and inhibit growth of bacteria |
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How do you make sulfa drugs bacteriocidal?
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high concentrations
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What structure do sulfamides mimic?
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PABA- which is required for synthesis* of bacterial folic acid
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What enzyme does sulfamethoxazole inhibit?
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Dihydropteroate synthase, this happens by competing with PABA
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What enzyme does trimethoprim inhibit?
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dihydrofolate reductase
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What bugs do sulfa drugs typically affect?
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G+ and G-
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What individual bugs are very susceptible to sulfas?
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E coli, Nocardia, Actinomyceate, Staph A, MRSA, Chlamydia< Toxoplasma gondii
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What diseases are sulfas used to treat (5)
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UTI's
Nocardia DOC toxoplasmosis trachoma Pneumocystis carnii |
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What is Sulfasalazine?
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this is a prodrug* used to treat UC
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What is sulfasalazine made up of?
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this is a combination of sulfapryidine, and 5-aminosalicyclic acid (mesalalmine)
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What is the ONLY topical sulfa drug?
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Silver Sulfadiazine
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Can you use sulfas topically in general?
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No you should not, they cause sensitization and allergic responses
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How are sulfa drugs metabolized and excreted?
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these are acetylated in the liver, and excreted by the kidney
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What is dangerous about the metabolism of sulfa drugs?
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these can cause crystalluria- due to the insolubility of acetylated sulfonamides
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What is the drug interaction danger with sulfa drugs?
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these do protein binding and may displace other things
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What are the dangers of sulfa drugs while pregnant?
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kernicterus in the nursing infant
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What are the many toxicities of sulfa drugs?
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Allergy
Blood dyscraisa Kidney/Liver Damage Peripheral nerve damage Stevens Johnson Syndrome Microscopic hematuria |
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Who should not get sulfa drugs?
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infants less than 2 months of age
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What makes of Co-trimoxazole (Bactrim)
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This is TMP-SMX in a fixed ratio of 1:5
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What bugs are Co-Trimoxazole very effective against?
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P Jiroveci pneumonia
Urinary tract infections prostatitis |
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What is TMP-SMX the drug of choice in treating*?
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uncomplicated UTI's
Moraxella catarrhalis infections |
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What is Sulfadiazine combined with to treat toxoplasmosis?
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pyrimethamine
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What complication is Sulfadiazine likely to cause?
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crystalluria
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What is trimethoprim used to treat?
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recurrent urinary tract infections
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What bugs is trimethoprim effective against?
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both G+ and G-
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Who should NOT get trimethoprim?
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this is teratogenic, and should not be used during pregnancy (because this inhibits dihydrofolate reducatase0
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What is Silver Sulfadiazine?
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this is a topical antiinfective agent to treat second and third degree burns
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How does silver sulfasiazine prevent infections?
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this does NOT affect folic acid synthesis- rather it damages cell walls/ membranes
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What is Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine?
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this was malaria prophylaxis, but is no longer recommended**
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What does pyrimethamine do?
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this inhibits parasite dihydrofolate reductase
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