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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which two drugs can cause methemoglobinemia?
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1. Benzocaine
2. Prilocaine |
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What drug blocks the actions of glutamate and sodium?
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Topiramate
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Topiramate is also used to treat what disorder?
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Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
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What is the prodrug form of phenobarbital?
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Primidone
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Which COMT inhibitor has received a black box warning?
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Tolcapone
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What is a risk of someone on Fluoxetine? How is the risk handled
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1. Seratonin syndrome
2. Cyproheptadine - H1 blocker |
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Name three other SSRIs.
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1. Paroxetine
2. Sertraline 3. Citalopram (Escitalopram is more potent) |
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What two drugs blocks the re-uptake of NE and 5HT while antagonizing the 5HT-2 receptor?
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1. Nefazodone
2. Trazodone |
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What drug acts as a 5HT re-uptake inhibitor at low doses and a NE re-uptake inhibitor at high doses? What else is special about this drug?
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1. Venlafaxine
2. Does not inhibit CYP450 |
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What drug acts as a 5HT-2 and 5HT-3 blocker?
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Mirtazapine
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What drug blocks the re-uptake of dopamine and NE? What is a side-effect of this drug?
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1. Buproprion
2. Lower thresh-hold for SZ |
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What is an odd side-effect of hydrochlorothiazide?
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It increases blood sugar, cholesterol and triglycerides.
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With hydrochlorothiazide, is there an increase or decrease in calcium in the blood?
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Increase
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What is an odd side-effect of Furosemide?
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Ototoxicity
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How does spironolactone affect K, Na, Cl and pH levels? What is an odd side-effect of the drug?
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1. Increased K
2. Decreased Na 3. Decreased Cl 4. Lower pH 5. Antiandrogenic effects |
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What are two problems that arise with people on acetazolamide?
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1. Kindey stones - calcium phosphate is less soluble in alkaline urine
2. Encephalopathy - cannot excrete NH3 in alkaline urine |
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What are some of the problems seen when using imipramine?
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1. Excess sedation
2. Anticholinergic 3. Postural hypotension and tachycardia 4. Quinidine-like effects 5. Precipitate mania |
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What is the MOA for finasteride? What are two clinical uses for it?
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1. It is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor.
2. Benign prostatic hyperplasia 3. Male pattern baldness |
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Why is diethylstilbestrol no longer used during pregnancy?
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It causes increased incidence of vaginal and cervical cancer in offspring.
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What is special about mestranol?
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It has to be demethylated in the liver by a demethylase in order to be active.
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Why would someone want to use raloxifene over tamoxifen?
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Raloxifene doesn't increase the risk of endometrial cancer like tamoxifen does.
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Where does buspirone work?
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It is an antagonist at 5-HT1A receptors.
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What does chlorpromazide block?
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Everything
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What is the major side-effect of clozapine?
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It can cause agranulocytosis.
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Which anti-psychotic blocks both + and - symptoms of schizophrenia?
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Risperidone
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What is the main side-effect of bromocriptine?
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Fibrosis
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What is an alternative use for carbamazepine? What other drug can be used as well?
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1. Used to treat bipolar disorder.
2. Valproic acid |
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Carbamazepine is the drug of choice for what?
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Partial seizures.
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What is special about metabolism of carbamazepine?
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It is an autoinducer of its own p450 enzyme.
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What are 4 side-effects of carbamazepine?
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1. Diplopia
2. Rash 3. Ataxia 4. Rare idiosyncratic blood dyscrasias |
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What is the drug of choice for myoclonic seizures?
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Valproic acid
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What is the main side-effect of valproic acid?
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Idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity
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What is a less serious side-effect of valproic acid?
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Alopecia
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How are MAO inhibitors metabolized?
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Acetylated
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What is special about selegiline?
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It only inhibits MAO B
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Name three other MAO inhibitors?
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1. Tranylcypromine - reversible
2. Phenelzine - irreversible 3. Isocarboxazid - irreversible |
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Name two tertiary amine TCAs.
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1. Imipramine
2. Amitriptyline |
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Name two secondary amine TCAs.
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1. Desipramine
2. Nortiptyline |
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Ketamine's onset is slow/fast?
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Slow
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What happens during Etomidate's onset?
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Clonus
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What does Ketamine potentiate?
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Amnestic effects
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Sodium thipental causes the release of what?
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Histamine
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What is Propofol's action on blood vessels?
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Vasodilation
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Ketamine blocks what effect?
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Wind-up
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What two drugs, when mixed together, precipitate?
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Succinylcholine and pentothal.
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Which drugs has the least incidence of postop nausea and vommitting?
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Propofol
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What was used to reverse sedation before Flumazenil?
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Physostigmine
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In metabolism, what happens to all the benzos?
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They become conjugated
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Why is Midazolam preferred in the OR?
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It's metabolite does not have any effect.
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What spasmolytic is used to quiet down GABA receptors at the level of the spinal cord?
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Baclofen
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Thiopentone will reduce the requirement for....
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Oxygen at the level of the brain.
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Which have a better therapuetic index, benzos or barbituates?
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Benzos
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Etomidate decreases the activity of...
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Alpha and beta hydroxylases - decrease in cortisol
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What is something that has to be taken into consideration when using Vecuronium?
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Its metabolite has channel blocking properties and is also excreted by the kidney. If you have kindey problems, then you will have channel blocking metabolites in your blood longer.
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Curare can cause what as a side effect....
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Hypotension
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What class is Lys-pro insulin considered? How long until its max effect?
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Very-rapid acting - max effect is in 15-60 minutes
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What class is glulisine insulin considered? How long until its max effect?
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Very-rapid acting - max effect is in 15-60 minutes
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What class is Insulin aspart insulin considered? How long until its max effect?
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Very-rapid acting - max effect is in 15-60 minutes
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What class is NPH insulin considered? How long until its max effect?
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Long acting - max effect 4-6 hours
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What class is ultralente insulin considered? How long until its max effect?
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Long acting - max effect 6-12 hours
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What class is lyspro protamine insulin considered? How long until its max effect?
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Long acting - max effect 6-12 hours
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What class is Glargine insulin considered? How long until its max effect?
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Ultra long acting - acts at a constant level for 24-36 hours due to its slow precipitation
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What class is insulin detemir considered? How long until its max effect?
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Ultra long acting - it has a long duration of over 24 hours due to the lipophilic attachment that allows prolonged binding to albumin
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Can glargine be mixed with other insulins?
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No because it must be kept at a low pH.
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What are some "other" therapuetic considerations for Type I DM?
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1. Insulin pump
2. Pancrease transplant 3. ACE inhibitor 4. Statins |
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What affect do alpha-adernergic agonists have on insulin releasal?
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They inhibit it
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What affect does phenytoin have on insulin releasal?
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Inhibition
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What affect does dizoxide, vinblastine and colchicine have on insulin releasal?
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Inhibition
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What affect do GLP-1, GIP and beta-adernergic agonists have on insulin releasal?
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Amplification
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What is Resveratol?
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Compound dervied from red-wine that is a histone deacetylase.
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What is the function of Cyproterone?
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It is an antiandrogenic drugs used for women to decrease hirsutism and in men to decrease sexual drive.
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