Pharmacology, Semester 1 Exam 2

Front 1

alpha 1 receptors SNS locations

Back 1

alpha 1 receptors are always smooth, they are found in the veins, nasal, bladder, urethra, prostate, and eyes

Front 2

alpha 1 agonist receptor effects

Back 2

vasoconstriction of the veins resulting in a reflex lowering of the HR,
increases resistance to urinary outflow due to radial muscle contractions.

Front 3

how the alpha 1 agonist works

Back 3

alpha 1 agonist will contract the smooth muscle by releasing Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum,

Front 4

alpha 1 agonist, effects on the nasal passage, prostate, and bladder.

Back 4

constriction of smooth muscle causes an increase in nasal space, however, constriction of the prostate will inhibit urine flow... alpha 1 agonist are bad for the prostate.

Front 5

alpha 1 agonist contraindications

Back 5

advise against use if person has high BP, or has BPH.

Front 6

uses of alpha 1 agonist

Back 6

used to help with acute shock and to reduce the congestion of nasal passages. the reflex of this constriction will lower HR

Front 7

alpha 1 agonist drugs

Back 7

midodrine,
phenylephrine neosynephrine
pheudephedrine sudafed
oxymetazoline afrin

Front 8

alpha 1 agonist drug uses

Back 8

increase BP, possible from shock, - midodrine
used as a decongestant, both phenylephrine (neosynephrine), pseudoephedrine (sudafed) and
oxymetazoline (afrin).

Front 9

alpha 1 agonist are mostly known for being decongestants

Back 9

keeping in mind contraindications, any decongestants will increase blood pressure.

Front 10

alpha 1 receptors antagonist, (ants) effects

Back 10

alpha 1 ants will cause vasodilatation, (a reflex response will cause an increase in HR).
alpha 1 ants will also case increased nasal congestion. as well as create an increase in urine outflow.

Front 11

alpha 1 ants contraindications

Back 11

alpha 1 ants should be avoided if patient has an increases HR. or is suffering from angina
be careful of the first dose phenomena which first time alpha 1 ants suffer from.

Front 12

alpha 1 ant uses

Back 12

but can help in reducing BP. as well as reducing the size and pressure of the prostate. keep in mind that it may be bad for the allergies

Front 13

alpha 1 ant names

Back 13

all alpha 1 ant names end in -zosin,
there is prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, and alfuzosin... and of course tamsulosin.

Front 14

prazosin
terazosin or hytrin
doxazosin or cardura
alfuzosin or uroxatral

Back 14

alpha 1 ants, specilated for treating hypertension, and BPH

Front 15

tamsulosin or flomax

Back 15

an alpha 1 ant, but has a greater affinity for alpha 1a receptors. this allows flomax to relieve more BPH symptoms without overlay affecting the blood vessels and causing hypotension

Front 16

labetalol and carvedilol or coreg

Back 16

these two drugs are ants at the Beta 1, beta 2 and alpha 1 receptors.
they act as a combination of propanolol with prazosin. probanolol being a beta blocker and prazosin being an alpha 1 blocker. and beta blockers combined with alpha 1 blockers will have similar effects as lebatalol and carvedilol.
labetalol and carvedilol are capable of lowering HR, reducing cardiac output, while also lowering peripheral resistance. which makes them very effecting at lowering BP
(no reflex reactions)
what will the effects of beta 2 ants be?

Front 17

alpha 2 receptor locations

Back 17

alpha 2 receptors are found in the CNS, at the endings of the SNS, and in the eyes

Front 18

alpha 2 agonist effects
alpha 2 are a black sheep

Back 18

decrease in SNS activity, causing a decrease in blood pressure, HR, peripheral resistance, there is also a decrease in aqueous humor production.

Front 19

alpha 2 agonist negative effects

Back 19

because of their positive influence on the SNS they have cause sever xerostoma.

Front 20

alpha 2 agonist affect on SNS activity

Back 20

by lowering SNS activity the CNS dumbs down and sedation, analgesia, as well as reduce withdrawal symptoms appear. good for treating ADHD :)

Front 21

uses of alpha 2 agonist

Back 21

reduce hypertension, sedation, analgesia, ADHD, assistance with detox, and lessoning glaucoma.

Front 22

alpha 2 agonist drugs.

Back 22

clonidine, or catapres, methyldopa, guanabenz, guanfacine or tenex, dexmedetomidine, primonidine or alphagan, and aprachonidine.

Front 23

clonidine or catapres, and guanfacine

Back 23

these are alpha 2 ants, they are very similar antihypertensive drugs, that are also used on kids with ADHD.

Front 24

what is special about methyldopa

Back 24

methyldopa is an alpha 2 agonist pro drug, once in the brain it becomes converted to alpha methly NE. remember pro drugs?

Front 25

guanabenz, and dexmedetomidine

Back 25

didnt talk about much... :(

Front 26

brimonidine or alphagan, and apraclonidie

Back 26

both have been developed into eye drops for local administration.

Front 27

alpha 2 ants

Back 27

will increase everything... only good in bed

..yohimbine

Front 28

alpha ants
alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors

Back 28

phentolamine
and phenoxybenzylamine (irreversible covalent bonds)

Front 29

uses of alpha ants

Back 29

used before surgery when an adrenal medulla tumor is present because it will block the epin. sites

Front 30

alpha ants , 1 and 2 effects on the HR

Back 30

alpha 1, (vasodilatation, congestion, increased urine,)
alpha 2, (increased SNS, Hr, BP, and peripheral resistance with more NE released)

combined, there will be an additive increase in Hr.

Front 31

beta 1 receptor locations

Back 31

remember that you only have 1 heart, beta 1 receptors are in the heart, and a few in the kidneys.

Front 32

beta 1 agonist effects

Back 32

increase in sinus rates throughout the heart, thus increasing HR, as well as the force of contractions.
will also increase production of renin, leading to vasoconstriction.

Front 33

contraindications of beta 1 agonist.

Back 33

should be avoided when patient already has high BP.

Front 34

beta 1 agonist uses.

Back 34

good class to use when treating bradycardia, heart block, cardiac arrest, atrial fibrillation... use beta 1 agonist in emergences

Front 35

beta 1 agonist drug.

Back 35

the only beta 1 agonist is dobutamine.

Front 36

dobutamine

Back 36

has greater inotropic effects than chronotropic effects. meaning it will increase the strength of hearts contraction more than it increases the heart rate.

Front 37

quick thoughts about Beta 1 agonist,

Back 37

think dobutamine, intropic effects

Front 38

beta 1 ants effects

Back 38

will cause a decrease in everything from the sinus rate to the release or renin

Front 39

beta 1 ants contraindications.

Back 39

renin decrease will cause vaso dialation, heat will be stimulated less, and BP will be lowered.

Front 40

beta 1 ants uses

Back 40

to lower BP, assist with angina, and reduce ectopic beats where where depolarization is less controlled.

Front 41

type of beta 1 ants drugs

Back 41

acebutolol or sectral, atenolol, betaxolol, bisprolol, metoprolol, and esmolol

Front 42

acebutolol or sectral

Back 42

a partial beta 1 agonist, but used for its antagonist effects.

Front 43

esmolol or brevibloc

Back 43

this beta 1 agonist is very short acting and only used through IV. it is ability to lower HR, Contraction force, and BP make it great for treating acute arrhythmia's.

Front 44

quick thoughts about Beta 1 ants

Back 44

think atenolol, lower BP, -olol

Front 45

beta 2 receptor locations.

Back 45

bronchial smooth, uterine, and vascular muscle, with glucose production in skeletal, liver, and aqueous humor in the eyes

Front 46

beta 2 agonist effects.

Back 46

relaxation, with dilation in everything smooth, with production everywhere else.

Front 47

beta 2 agonist uses,

Back 47

main for the treatment of asthma, and as a baby pauser

Front 48

types of beta 2 agonist drugs

Back 48

drugs commonly end in ol,
like albuterol,
bitolterol or tornalate
formoterol or foradil
isoetharine
levalbuterol or xopenex
metaproterenol or alupent
pirbuterol or maxair
salmeterol or serevent
terbutaline
ratodrine

Front 49

what are the majority of beta 2 agonist used for

Back 49

asthma beta 2 agonist are manly used locally for the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Front 50

compare albuterol to terbutaline

Back 50

renin decrease will cause vaso dialation, heat will be stimulated less, and BP will be lowered. may only be given through IV for life threatening asthma.

Front 51

what is the medication ritodrine used for

Back 51

ritodrine is a beta 2 agonist, it is one of the few beta agonist given IV as a baby pauser. relaxes uterus

Front 52

isoproterenol

Back 52

a non selective beta 2 agonist.
similar to dobutamine because they are both non selective beta agonist, but dobutamine is beta 1 and inotropic and isoproterenol is a beta 2 agonist and choronotropic.

Front 53

beta 2 ants therapeutic uses,

Back 53

a reduction in aqueous humor, be careful because of asthma and hight BP

Front 54

side effects of beat 2 ants

Back 54

include boncho constriction, as well as decreases in glucose production, these medications would be bad for a diabetic, hypoglycemic asthmatic

Front 55

non selective beta ants

Back 55

these drugs will lead to upregualtion of the SA nodes,
beta 1 ants will basically lower everything within relation to the heart, aswell as renin release... dilation
beat 2 ants will smooth muscle contraction and reduction in glucose production.

Front 56

type of beta ants

Back 56

these drugs commonly end in -olol
propanolol or (inderal)
nadolol
pindolol
sotalol
timolol
levobutanolol

Front 57

beta ants quick thoughts

Back 57

think -olol, as well as broncho constriction.

Front 58

albuterol

Back 58

beta 2 agonist

Front 59

bitolterol or tornalate

Back 59

beta 2 agonist

Front 60

formoterol or foradil

Back 60

beta 2 agonist

Front 61

isoetharine

Back 61

beta 2 agonist

Front 62

levabuterol or xopenex

Back 62

beta 2 agonist

Front 63

metaproterenol or alupent

Back 63

beta 2 agonist

Front 64

pributerol or maxair

Back 64

beta 2 agonist

Front 65

salmeterol or servent

Back 65

beta 2 agonist

Front 66

terbutaline

Back 66

beta 2 agonist

Front 67

ratodrine

Back 67

beta 2 agonist

Front 68

midodrine

Back 68

alpha 1 agonist

Front 69

oxymetazoline or afrin

Back 69

alpha 1 agonist

Front 70

propanolol

Back 70

non selectiveabeta ants.

Front 71

nadolol

Back 71

non selectiveabeta ants.

Front 72

pindolol

Back 72

non selectiveabeta ants.

Front 73

sotalol

Back 73

non selectiveabeta ants.

Front 74

timolol

Back 74

non selectiveabeta ants.

Front 75

levobutanolol

Back 75

non selectiveabeta ants.

Front 76

prazosin

Back 76

alpha 1 ant

Front 77

terazosin

Back 77

alpha 1 ant

Front 78

doxazosin

Back 78

alpha 1 ant

Front 79

alfuzosin

Back 79

alpha 1 ant

Front 80

tamulosin

Back 80

alpha 1 ant