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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Premedication Drugs (II)
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a2 agonists
benzodiazepines opioids antimuscarinic drugs |
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(atipamezole, yohimbine)
these drugs can be reversed |
a2 agonists
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Species differences (IN PIG) in response to a2 agonists
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appear insensitive to all α2 drugs
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are exquisitely sensitive to a2 agonists- tiny doses required
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ruminants
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Species differences in response to a2 agonists:
prone to pulmonary edema |
small ruminants (sheep and goats) prone to pulmonary oedema
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adrenergic receptors associated with smooth muscle constriction
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a1
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presynaptic receptors which inhibit NE release
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a2
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adrenergic receptor on Heart associated with increased HR and CO?
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B1
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receptors associated with smooth muscle and dilation of associated vessels
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B2
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List 5 Advantages of premedication (p6)
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- calms patients
- smooth induction and recovery - reduce amt. of anesthetic drugs needed (for induction and maintenance) - provide pre-emptive analgesia - counteract undesirable effects of other anesthetic drugs |
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4 Disadvantages of premedication
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- prolongs recovery (may be problem in ruminant-risk of regurgitation and bloat; or diabetic animals)
- respiratory depression - requires time to take effect when admin by route other than IV - altered cardio fxn |
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List 6 classes of drugs used for premedication (p6)
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1. phenothiazines
2. butyrophenones 3. opioids 4. α₂ agonists 5. benzodiazepines 6. anticholinergics |
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What class of drugs does acepromazine belong to? (p7)
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-Phenothiazines
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What receptors does acepromazine act on? (p7)
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-Bind to and antagonize the following catecholamine receptors:
-α₁ receptor antagonist: vasodilation -Histamine (H₁) receptor antagonist: weak antihistamic and anti-emetic effects -Serotonin (5HT₂) receptors |
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What is the general onset time, pathway for metabolism and duration of action of acepromazine? (p7)
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-Relatively slow peak effect 20-30min after IV or IM injection
-ACP undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism by glucuronidation; thus dose should be markedly reduced in animals with liver disease and cats -Long duration of action, several hours (can be 24⁺ hrs) |
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What are the principal CNS of acepromazine?
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CNS:
-induces sedation -NO analgesia -Anti-emetic effect: acts centrally on chemoreceptor trigger zone and vomiting center -Depress thermoregulation -Block action of dopamine in CNS: tranquillization |
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What are the principal cardiovascular effects of acepromazine?
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-anti-arrhythmic
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____ agonists are cardiodepressant
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a2
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Glutamate is excitatory or inhibitory transmitter?
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excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory (NMDA receptor)?
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