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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of drug is it- Diphenhydramine?
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1st generation H1 blocker
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H1 Blockers
-Mechanism |
Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors
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What type of drug is it- chlorpheniramine?
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1st generation H1 Blocker
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H1 Blockers
-Clinical uses |
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aids
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H1 Blockers
-Toxicity |
Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti Alpha-adrenergic
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Difference between 1st generation and 2nd generation H1 blockers
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2nd generation less sedating because of decrease entry into CNS
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Ketotifen
-Mechanism |
Opthalmic Antihistamine blocks H1 receptor decreasing hypersensitivity (used in both asthma and conjunctivitis)
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Isoproterenol
-Mechanism |
Relaxes bronchial smooth Muscle (b2) Nonspecific Beta agonists
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Isoproterenol
-Side effects |
Can also activate B1 (tachycardia)
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Albuterol
-Mechanism |
Activates B2 (relaxes bronchial smooth muscle)- use in acute exacerbations
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Salmetrol
-Mechanism |
Long-acting agent for prophylaxis (increases level of cAMP) B2 agonist
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Salmetrol
-Adverse effects |
Tremor and arrhythmias
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Theophylline
-Mechanism |
Bronchodilator likely by inhibiting Phosphodiesterase thereby decreasing cAMP hydrolysis
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Theophylline
-Side effects |
Use is limited because of narrow therapeutic index (cardiotoxicity- sinus tachycardia, and neurotoxicity); metabolized by P450
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Ipratropium
-Mechanism |
Competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction.
Also used for COPD |
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Cromolyn
-Mechanism |
Prevents release of mediators from Mast cells. Toxicity is rare
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Cromolyn
-Effective when |
Only for the prophylaxis of asthma not during an acute attack.
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Beclomethasone
-Mechanism |
Steroid, inhibits the synthesis of cytokines.
Inactivates NK-kappaB (transcription factor that induces TNF-alpha) similar to beclomethasone |
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Prednisone
-Used for |
1st line therapy for chronic asthma
similar to Beclomethansone (both corticosteroids) |
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Corticosteroids
-Major side effects |
Increase osteoclast and decrease osteroblast
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Zileuton
-Mechanism |
5-Lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor
Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes |
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Zafirlukase, Montelukast
-Mechanism |
Block Leukotriene receptors.
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Monteleukast
-Best used for |
Aspirin induced asthma
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N-acetylcysteine
-Mechanism and use |
Mucolytic- can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen
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Guaifenesin
-What does it do |
Removes excess sputum but large dose necessary, does not suppress cough reflex (robitussin)
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Omalizumab
-Mechanism |
Monoclonal antibody that binds to Human IgE thus limiting release of mediators
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