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35 Cards in this Set
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Crosslinking of DNA induces apoptosis
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Cisplatin/Platinol
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For solid tumors, bladder CA and mets from testicular CA. Delivered via IV
N/V, rash, High frequency hearing loss, tinnitus, bone marrow suppression, anaphylaxis, hypo Mg and Ca |
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Binds to HER2 sites in breast CA tissue & inhib proliferation of cells that over-express HER2 protein decrease in # cells in S phase
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Trastuzumab/ Herceptin
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Monoclonal Ab chemo
METS breast CA IV Does not cross BBB Fever Chills N/V Abd pain Back pain CHF Caution w/ pts hx of cardiac conditions |
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Binds to estrogen receptor & blocks RNA synthesis
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Tamoxifen/ Valodex
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Estrogen agonist/ antagonist chemo
1st line tx estrogen receptor + breast CA Hot flashes N/V Skin rash Vaginal bleeding Vaginal d/c |
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Reversible binds to B-tubulin subunit & promotes polymerization & stabilization of polymer rather than disassembly
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Paclitaxel/ Taxol
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Microtubule inhibitor chemo
Adv ovarian CA METS breast CA IV $100,000/ year N/V Loss of appetite Change in taste Thinned/brittle hair Jt pain Change in nail color Tingling in extremities Change in bowel habits Fever Chills Cough Sore throat Difficulty swallowing Dizziness SOB Severe exhaustion Skin rash Facial flushing CP |
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Inhib DNA replication, transcription of RNA & NA fxn
Alkylating agent |
Cyclophosphamide/ Cytoxan
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Hodgkin’s lymphoma
NH lymphoma ALL Breast CA Ovarian CA Lung CA Multiple myeloma Sarcoma CLL Mycosis fungoides Neuroblastoma Retinoblastoma PO IV N/V/D Abd pain Nephrotoxicity |
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Inhibits DNA protein synthesis
Abx-like CA drug |
Doxorubicin/ Adriamycin
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Breast CA
Lung CA Esophageal CA Ovarian CA Gastric CA Hodgkin’s lymphoma NH Lymphoma Sarcomas Myelomas ALL IV Fatigue N/D Loss of appetite Hair loss Pain, redness or swelling at injection site Red urine (1-2 days after tx) Cardiotoxicity |
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Comp inhib dihydrofolate reductase; inhib cells that are in S-phase & may also inhib protein synthesis to decreasing co-factors for FOLATE, thus arresting cells in G-1 phase
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Methotrexate
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Anti-metabolite chemo
DMARD Immunosuppressive Lung CA Breast CA Leukemia Hodgkin lymphoma NH lymphoma Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Head/Neck CA Osteosarcoma Psoriasis RA UC Crohn’s Dz Graft-vs. -host dz PO IV IM PR Renal excretion (majority of drug eliminated by kidneys w/in 1st 12 hrs after administration) N/V/D Stomatitis Alopecia Myelosuppression Periph neuropathy Pulmonary fibrosis Renal damage Liver damage Teratogen Abortifacient Leukoviran (Folic Acid derivative if FA stores become too depleted d/t methotrexate) |
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Agonist of nicotinic receptor
No immediately broken down by ACh-esterase, w/ resultant blockade of occupied receptor to circ ACh |
Succinylcholine/ Anectine
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Neuromuscular blocker
Induction & maintenance of skeletal muscle paralysis for intubation & ventilation during general anesthesia IM IV Onset 30-60 sec Duration 3-5 min Doesn’t produce unconscious or anesthesia Dysrhythmia Post-op myalgias Gastric pressure Risk reflux Malignant hypothermia CI conscious pts x emergency situations |
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Potentiation of GABA receptor activity slowing channel-closing time & acting as Na channel blocker
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Propofol/ Diprivan
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IV anesthetic
General anesthesia IV Half-life: b/w 2-24 hrs Rapidly distributed to periph tissues HA N Hypotension Respiratory depression Death |
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increased GABA response
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Thiopental/ Pentothal
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Barbiturate
General anesthesia IV Onset <30 sec Duration 30-40 min Stored in fat Weak analgesic Respiratory depression Hypotension HA N |
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Binds GABA, glutamate & glycine receptors, & also inhib conduction in activated K channels (glycine inhib motor fxn & glutamate inhib mimics NMDA effects)
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Isoflurane/ Florane
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Inhaled anesthetic
General anesthesia Inhaled Onset <1.5 min Stored in fat N/V Shivering HA Mental status changes Malignant hyperthermia (rare) |
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Numbing of stretch receptors in bronchus diminishing cough reflex
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Benzonatate/ Tessalon
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Local anesthetic
Non-narcotic anti-tussive PO (soft gel pearls) HA Constipation Do not chew d/t numbing oral cavity |
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Temp reduction of nerve membrane permeability to Na AP’s cannot be generated or propagated & N conduction is diminished
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Lidocaine/ Xylocaine
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Local anesthetic
Topical Infiltration Nerve block Ophthalmic Epidural Intrathecal Ventricular arrhythmias (IV) Topical gel Patch SQ IM IV Onset <1.5 min Most freq used local Altered taste Oral numbness Light-headedness Tinnitus Hypotension (IV) Bradycardia (IV) Tachycardia (if Epi added) |
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Reduce inflamm via anti-mitochondrial activity & induced cell apoptosis
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Gold Salts
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RA
IBD Psoriatic arthritis Membranous nephritis Lupus erythematosus Juvenile RA Poly-arthritis (children) PO IM Up to 2 months to achieve steady state ecreased Appetite N/D Hair thinning Rash Thrombocytopenia Renal toxicity |
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Blocks the activation of toll-like receptors on dendritic cells, thus limiting inflamm process
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Hydroxychloroquine/ Plaquenil
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Immunosuppressant
Anti-malarial RA SLE Sjogren’s syndrome Malaria Lyme’s dz PO Overdose (w/in 30 min) - Drowsiness - HA - Vision problems - SOB - Convulsions Abd cramps D Appetite Vision difficulties Tinnitus Hearing loss Diminished reflexes Hives Itching Rash Hair loss Weakness Anemia CI pts w/ G6PD enzyme deficiency d/t severe anemia |
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Neutralizes TNF by binding w/ high affinity to soluble TNF & trans-membrane forms of TNF, thus preventing effective binding of TNF w/ its receptors
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Infliximab/ Remicade
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DMARD
Recombinant- DNA drug RA Crohn’s Dz UC IV - Administered at 6-8 wk intervals GI upset |
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Reduction if inflamm response via anti-TNF therapy
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Etanercept/ Enbrel
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DMARD
Recombinant- DNA drug Mod-severe RA Mod-severe polyarticular JA Psoriatic arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Mod-severe plaque psoriasis SQ reduced Resistance to infxn increased Risk leukemia increased Risk lymphoma increased Risk solid tumors Liver injury CHF Demyelinating CNS d/o’s Fatal blood d/o’s |
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T-cell inhibition blocking signals to lymphocytes to produce IL-1 to IL-4 & IFN-gamma
Immunosuppressant (related to Macrolide Abx) |
Tacrolimus/ Prograf
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Protection against rejection of organ transplant
Eczema PO IV Topical 100x more potent than Cyclosporine N/V/D Loss of appetite increased BP increased Risk infxn |
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T-cell inhibition blocking signals to lymphocytes to produce IL-1 to IL-4 & IFN-gamma
Immunosuppressant (derived from soil fungi) |
Cyclosporine/ Sandimmune
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Prevent transplant rejection (kidney, liver & heart) RA Psoriasis PO IV Blood levels must be carefully monitored * Blood levels INCREASED when pts drink grapefruit juice* N/V/D Loss of appetite BP Kidney damage Tremors HA Seizures Excessive hair growth Excessive gum growth Coma Gout Confusion |
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Inhib purine synthesis block protein synthesis in cells that experience rapid turnover
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Azathiopine/ Imuran
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Purine anti-metabolite immunosuppressant
Prevention of transplant rejection IBD SLE RA PO IV Metabolites excreted in urine Blood levels must be carefully monitored Hair loss Bone marrow suppression GI toxicity Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia decreased Ability to fight infxn Pancreatitis Birth defects |
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Affects gene transcription to either stimulate or repress protein production
decreases Inflammation of bronchial wall |
Triamcinolone/ Azmacort
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Synthetic corticosteroid
Asthma (not acute attack) COPD Oral inhaler Do not use >4x/day Thrush Sore throat Nosebleeds Coughing HA Runny nose Resistance to infxn Hyperglycemia DM Severe bone loss Avascular necrosis Cataracts Myopathy Thinning of skin Diminished wound healing Easy bruising Insomnia Mental status changes increased Appetite |
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Affects gene transcription to either stimulate or repress protein production
high potency |
Dexamethasone/ Decadron
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Fluorinated Glucocorticoid
Corticosteroid Inflamm & allergic conditions Reactive airway dz Allergies Arthritis AI conditions Replacement tx Addison’s dz decreased Intracranial press (IV) PO IV Topical Inhaled Long duration (24-72+ hrs) Minimal mineralcorticoid effects decreased Resistance to infxn Hyperglycemia DM Severe bone loss Avascular necrosis Cataracts Myopathy Thinning of skin Diminished wound healing Easy bruising Insomnia Mental status changes increased Appetite |
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Affects gene transcription to either stimulate or repress protein production
medium potency |
Prednisone/ Deltasone
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Glucocorticoid
Corticosteroid Inflamm & allergic conditions Reactive airway dz Allergies Arthritis AI conditions Replacement tx Addison’s dz Severe allergic rxns Leukemia rxn PO Intermediate duration (18-36 hrs) decreased Resistance to infxn Hyperglycemia DM Severe bone loss Avascular necrosis Cataracts Myopathy Thinning of skin Diminished wound healing Easy bruising Insomnia Mental status changes increased Appetite |
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Affects gene transcription to either stimulate or repress protein production
low potency |
Hydrocortisone/ Cortef
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Glucocorticoid
Corticosteroid Inflamm & allergic conditions Reactive airway dz Allergies Arthritis AI conditions Replacement tx Addison’s dz PO IV IM Topical Short duration (8-12 hrs) decreased Resistance to infxn Hyperglycemia DM Severe bone loss Avascular necrosis Cataracts Myopathy Thinning of skin Diminished wound healing Easy bruising Insomnia Mental status changes increased Appetite |
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Inhibitor of cGMP PDE5, which is responsible for degradation of cGMP stores in corpus cavernosum
Smooth muscle lining blood vessels supplying cavernosum of penis, blood remains & erection maintained |
Sildenafil citrate/ Viagra
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PDE5 inhibitor ED
Pulmonary HTN PO 25, 50 or 100 mg tablets Doesn’t cz erection unless sexual stim No more than 1 tablet daily HA Flushing Dyspepsia Nasal congestion Photophobia Blurred vision Cyanopsia increased Intraocular pressure Acute angle closure glaucoma Ventricular arrhythmias Severe hypotension MI Stroke Priapism CI - Nitroglycerin - Hx stroke or MI - Renal or liver impairment - Hypotension - Hereditary degenerative retinal d/o |
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Limits conversion of testosterone to DHT by inhibiting type II 5-alpha-reductase
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Finasteride/ Proscar
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Anti-androgen BPH
Male-pattern baldness (lower dose) Prostate CA PO No blood donation allowed while pt on med decreased Libido ED Impotency Depression Breast swelling Breast tenderness Women who are pregnant should not handle crushed or broken tablets d/t risk of birth defects |
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Synthetic analog of GnRH
Interrupts production of both testosterone & estrogen |
Leuprolide/ Lupron
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Anti-androgenic hormone & anti-estrogenic hormone Prostate CA
Precocious puberty Endometriosis Uterine fibroids IVF SQ IM decreased Libido Impotence N/V Hot flashes Noc sweats Arthralgias Myalgias Osteoporosis |
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Alters gene transcription
Androgenic hormone |
Testosterone
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Hypogonadism (males)
Pituitary dwarfism Post-pubertal hypogonadism ED Decreased libido Irritability Loss of muscle mass or tone Rate of osteoporosis Loss of 2ndary sex characteristics Bone marrow stim Anemia Transsexual men “Anti-aging” Anabolic steroids IM Patch Topical gel SL lozenges Not used in PO form d/t inactivation of 1st-pass metabolism AbN sexual maturation (children) Liver AbN Gynecomastia Breast cysts Cystic acne Premature epiphyseal plate closure Aggression (“roid rage”) AbN lipid levels (increased LDL & decreased HDL) Edema increased RBC mass may cz increased blood viscosity & sludging of blood increased risk ischemia |
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Binding to estrogen receptor sites in brain interferes w/ N negative feedback of estrogen on GnRH release of LH & FSH & stim ovulation
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Clomiphene/ Clomid
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Estrogen receptor agonist Infertility
Amenorrhea PO Vaginal dryness Vaginal bleeding Breast tenderness Anxiety Hot flashes Potentially CI if hx liver dz, breast or uterine CA |
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Blockade of progesterone receptors as well as czing decline in HcG levels decrease progesterone production by corpus luteum
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Mifepristone/ Mifiprex
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Synthetic steroid
Abortifacient Abd pain Uterine cramping Vaginal bleeding/ spotting N/V/D Dizziness Fatigue Fever |
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Alters gene transcription
Derivative of progesterone |
Medroxyprogesterone/ Provera
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Contraception
DUB PO IM (Depo-form) Acne Wt gain Edema Insomnia Anxiety increased Risk DVT increased Risk cervicitis increased Ratio LDL: HDL CI hx DVT or breast, ovarian or uterine CA |
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Alters gene transcription
Prevention & tx osteoporosis Post-menopausal sxs (hot flashes, vaginal dryness & itching) Oral Topical cream |
Premarin
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Conjugated estrogens
Progesterone should be added with women with uterus Vaginal bleeding Breast tenderness increased Risk DVT increased Risk atherosclerosis increased CAD increased Risk uterine & breast CA |
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Folic acid supplement for use with Methotrexate
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Leukoviran
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Antidote in Tumor Lysis syndrome
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L-Puranol
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Antidote for malignant hyperthermia
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Dantrolene
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