Pharmacology Quiz Iii

Front 1

Name the central purpose of inflammation.

Back 1

Is to contain the injury or destroy the foreign agent

By neutralizing the foreign and removing cellular debris and dead cells, repair of the injured area can proceed at a faster pace, signs of inflammation include swelling, pain, warmth and redness of the affected area.

Front 2

List drug classifications used to prevent allergic rhinitis.

Back 2

These are prophylaxis and include
Antihistamines
Glucocorticoids
Mast cell stabilizers

Front 3

Name the syndrome that can occur with long-term glucocorticoid therapy.

Back 3

Cushing’s syndrome.

Front 4

Define pathogenicity.

Back 4

The ability of the organism to cause infection.

Front 5

Define “genetic errors” as it relates to drug resistance.

Back 5

Mutations occur spontaneously and at random and occationlly results in a bacterial cell that has reproductive advantages over its neighbors and may confer drug resistance to a microorganism.
Acquired resistance phenomenon.

Front 6

Name the type of infection that can occur secondarily to anti-infective therapy.

Back 6

Superinfections

Front 7

Name the enzyme secreted by bacteria that limit the usefulness of the penicillins.

Back 7

Betalactamase or penicillinase

Front 8

Name the classification of antibiotic that are safe alternatives to the penicillins and can be given over a shorter time.

Back 8

Macrolides

Front 9

Name the bacteria that can cause pharyngitis, pneumonia, skin infections, septicemia or endocarditis.

Back 9

Streptococcus

Front 10

Name the organism that is single-celled and more complex than bacteria.

Back 10

Fungi Protozoan.

Front 11

Superficial fungal infections are sometimes referred to as this.

Back 11

Dermatophytic

Front 12

Name what fungal diseases are sometimes known as

Back 12

Mycoses Yeast

Front 13

Name the largest class of antifungal medications and know what they inhibit that causes a leaky plasma membrane.

Back 13

Azoles
they inhibit ergosterol synthesis
Similar to Anphotericin B

Front 14

Name some community-acquired fungal infections that patients with intact immune defenses are sometimes afflicted with.

Back 14

Sporotrichosis
Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis

Front 15

List what systemic mycoses typically affect.

Back 15

Internal organs:
Lungs
Brain
Digestive organs

Front 16

Name the drug of choice used for many years to treat systemic fungal infections

Back 16

Amphotericin B ( Fungizone )

Front 17

Name the major advantage of the azole medications.

Back 17

They can be administered orally.

Front 18

Viruses require a host in order to replicate, so they are considered this.

Back 18

Intracellular parasites.

Front 19

During what stage is the HIV-AIDS patient asymptomatic?

Back 19

Latent phase

Front 20

The standard aggressive treatment for HIV-AIDS using as many as four drugs at the same time is called this.

Back 20

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ( HAART )

Front 21

Name the type of virus that causes Hepatitis B and list the ways by which it is transmitted

Back 21

DNA virus, and is transmitted primarily through exposure to contaminated blood and body fluids.

Front 22

What is the drug used most commonly to treat herpes virus?

Back 22

Aciclovir ( Zovirax )

Front 23

Name the virus that is treated with Rebetron.

Back 23

Hepatitis C or HCV infection

Front 24

Name the abnormal genes that promote cancer formation.

Back 24

Oncogenes

Front 25

Name the route by which most anti-tumor antibiotics are administered.

Back 25

Intravenously or through direct instillation via a catheter into a body cavity.

Front 26

Name the groups of chemotherapy drugs that comprise the plant extracts.

Back 26

Vinca alkaloids
Taxoids
Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Camptothecins

Front 27

Name the basic anatomical divisions of the digestive system.

Back 27

Alimentary canal or gastrointestinal ( GI ) tract this extends from the mouth to the anus.
Accessory organs ( saliva, glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas )

Front 28

Be able to describe an ulcer and the layers of the GI tract it affects.

Back 28

Peptic Ulcer is erosion of the mucosa layer of the GI tract, usually associated with acute inflammation
Common sites are duodenum in the small intestine and stomach ( Gastric )
The layers affected are Mucous gel layer, bicarbonate layer ( both in the mucosal barrier
The primary cause of PUD is infection by the gram negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori

Front 29

Know the most common site that ulcers occur in.

Back 29

Common sites are duodenum in the small intestine and stomach ( Gastric )

Front 30

Know the definition of constipation.

Back 30

Constipation is identified by the decrease in the frequency and number of bowel movements. Stools may become dry, hard, and difficult to evacuate from the rectum

Front 31

Know the 3 conditions for which laxatives are contraindicated.

Back 31

Asses must be made for distension, bowel sounds, and bowel patterns,
If there is absence of bowel sounds, peristalsis must be restored prior to laxative therapy.
A suden, unxplained change in bowel patterns should be evaluated, as it could indicate a serious condition such as colon cancer.
Assessment should be made for esophageal obstruction, intestinal obstruction, fecal impaction, and undiagnosed abdominal pain.