Pharmacology Quiz

Front 1

what are two unique drugs that assist in the protection of GI mucosa from the effects of NSAIDs

Back 1

sucralfate and misoprostol

Front 2

otc agents that neutralize hydrochloric acid and increase gastric PH, thus inhibiting pepsinq

Back 2

antacids

Front 3

what is antacid used to treat

Back 3

gastric ulcers, peptic esophagitis, HH, esophageal reflux

Front 4

what are the side effects of antacids

Back 4

malaise, anorexia, bowel obstruction, constipation, dizzy, frequent burping, thirst, muscle weakness.

Front 5

what are the most severe reactions of antacids

Back 5

coma, decreased reflexes, resp depression

Front 6

antacids prevent the absorption of

Back 6

tetracycline

Front 7

when a pt is taking antacids what should be increased

Back 7

the fluid intake because of constipation

Front 8

acids are available in many forms . what is the best form to give it in

Back 8

liquid or solutions - because they neutralize acid more rapidly. tablets should be considered the last alternative

Front 9

antacids with a laxative should be taken when

Back 9

at bedtime

Front 10

what is the pt teaching with antacids

Back 10

1. take one hour after meals
2.mantain a good fluid intake
3. chew tablets thoroughly and take w/full glass of water
4. liquid meds should be stored in a cool place
5.if dr prescribes aluminum containing antacids make sure the pt gets enough phospherus
6. antacids destroy the enteric coating and they should not be taken within 1 hour of amedication w/enteric coating

Front 11

these are unique becuase they promote healing of ulcers and act with antacids to produce more alkaline conditions in the GI tract

Back 11

histamine H2 antagonists

Front 12

h2 receptor anatagonist inhibit secretion of gastric acid, rapidly absorb and they reach there peak effectiveness in

Back 12

45 - 90 minutes

Front 13

what is considered to be the first line of therapy to relieve symptoms and prevent complications of peptic ulcers disease

Back 13

Histamine H2 blockers - when used over 6 to 8 weeks

Front 14

what else is Histamine H2 blockers used for

Back 14

prophylaxis and tx of peptic esophagitis, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, stress ulcers, and zollinger - ellison syndrome

Front 15

many peptic ulcers are caused by

Back 15

helicobacter pylori

Front 16

Helicobacteter pylori may be controlled and the ulcer healed by use of

Back 16

antibiotic plus ranitidine products

Front 17

what are the side effects of H2 receptor antagonist

Back 17

dizzy, HA, somnolence, mild and breif diarrhea, rash, gynecomastia, muscle pain and fever

Front 18

H2 receptors may be given how

Back 18

orally or IV

Front 19

oraly for H2 receptors shoudl be given when

Back 19

with meals and at bedtime

Front 20

how should IV be given

Back 20

diluted and injected over 1 - 2 minutes

Front 21

h2 receptors should be given for how long

Back 21

for 2 - 6 weeks until endoscopy tests reveal healing

Front 22

what do proton pump inhibitors do

Back 22

they work to heal gastric ulcers, , they irreversibly stop the acid secretory pump embedded within the gastric parietal cell membrane by altering the activity, they decrease acid secretion

Front 23

proton pump inhibitors ae used in the

Back 23

short term treatment of active duodenal ulcers usually after H2 receptors have not been successful.

Front 24

what are other indications to use proton pump inhibitors

Back 24

when longer therapy is not indicated, severe esrosive esophagitis, and poorly responsive GERD.`

Front 25

pts taking proton pump inhibitors must do what

Back 25

swallow the tablet whole - they should not crush or chew the tablet

Front 26

proton pump tablets should not be taken before

Back 26

meals

Front 27

proton pump inhibitors and ______ should not be used at the same time.

Back 27

H2 blockers

Front 28

aluminum carbonate gel (G)
T - basalijel

Back 28

1- 2 capsules or 2 tsp with water or fruit juice up to 12 times a day

Front 29

aluminum hyroxide gel - G
T - alu- cap, amphojel, dialume

Back 29

helps delay stomach emptying and binds bile salts. drug of choice for peptic ulcers

Front 30

calcium carbonate

T - dicarbosil, tums

Back 30

v. powerful, given for short term therapy

Front 31

dihydroxyaluminu sodium carbonate - G
T - calcium rich, rolaids, tablets

Back 31

chew 1-2 tablets

Front 32

magnesium hydroxide - G
T- MOM

Back 32

helpful because cathartic effect couteracts constipation of alminum hyroxide

Front 33

aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone
T - gelusil, mylanta

Back 33

reduce gas formation
1- 2 tsp 4 times a day between meals and at bedtime

1-2 tablets 4 x day
do not exceed 24 tsp or tablets in 24 hours

Front 34

cimetidine
T -tagament

Back 34

widely used for ulcers 300 mg po with meals and at bedtime. should be taken with antacid

Front 35

famotidine
pepcid

Back 35

given at bedtime

Front 36

rantidine
zantac

Back 36

HA are frequent, extrapyramidal sx may be noted

Front 37

agents to treat h pylori

Back 37

bismuth subsalicylate, etronidazole, tetracyline

T- helidac

drink plenty of water with medication

Front 38

treats h pylori

Back 38

rantidine ismuth citrate - tritec

Front 39

sucralfate
carafate

Back 39

for duodenal ulcers take on empty stomach 1 hour before melas and at bedtime. take antacids as needed for pain releif, but not within 30 min. before or after this medication

Front 40

esomeprazole
nexium

Back 40

proton pump inhibitor

Front 41

lansoprazole
prevacid

Back 41

proton pump inhibitor

Front 42

omeprazole

t- losec, prilosec

Back 42

take before eating, do not open chew or crush capsule

Front 43

pantoprazole

protonix

Back 43

proton pump inhibitor

Front 44

what do anticholinergics do

Back 44

they reduce GI tract spasm and intestinal motility, acid production, and gastric otility. gastric emptying is slowed and neutralization is increased

Front 45

what does anticholinergics - antispasmodic agents do

Back 45

tx peptic ulcers, pylorospasm, biliary colic, hypermotility, hyperacidity, irritable colon, acute pancreatitis

Front 46

adverse reactions are common in anticholinergic therapy because high dosage are usually required. they are

Back 46

rapid, weak pulse, blurring of vision, dysphagia, difficulty talking, dilation of pupils, drowsy, photophobia, confusion, resltessness, staggering, talkativeness, rash over face, neck uppertrunk, thirst, urinary urgency,

Front 47

anticholinergics containing phenobarbital may decrease the effects of

Back 47

anticoagulants, requiring higher doses

Front 48

these reduce the fluid content of hte stool and decrease peristalsis and motility of hte intestinal tract. . they increase smootht muslce tone and diminish digestive secretions

Back 48

antdiarrheals

Front 49

antidiarrheals are used to treat

Back 49

nonspecific diarrhea and diarrhea caused by antibiotics

Front 50

all antidiarrheal drugs are given how

Back 50

orally

Front 51

bismuth subsalicylate

pepto bismaol, bismatrol

Back 51

antidiarrheal agent
may cause temporary darkening of he stool and tongue

Front 52

kaolin and pectin

kaopectate and parapectolin

Back 52

used for self tx of diarrhea

Front 53

metoclopramide

reglan

Back 53

nocturnal heartburn related to GERD ( GI stimulant)

give 10 mg 30 min before each meal and at bedime for 2 -8 weeks may increase to 15 mg if needed

Front 54

loperamide

imodium, kaopectate II

Back 54

antidiarrheal - more potent and has a longer duration of action with less CNS depression than diphenoxylate

adults give 4 mg po, then 2 mg afer each unformed stoo, max of 16 mg po daily

Front 55

mesalamine

asacol

Back 55

antidiarrheal gibe 800 mg 3 times daily for 6 weeks in ulcerative colitis

Front 56

sulfasalazine

azulfidine

Back 56

use for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

give 3 - 4 gm in evenly divided doses

Front 57

drugs that help draw fluid into the intestine to promote fecal softening, speed the passage of feces throught the colon, aid in the elimination of stool from the rectum

Back 57

laxatives

Front 58

laxatives can be classified in five major categories

Back 58

bulk forming, fecal softener, hyperosmolar or saline solutions, lubricants and stmulant or irritant laxatives

Front 59

laxatives have a high rate of

Back 59

overuse

Front 60

bulk forming laxatives do what

Back 60

they absorb water and expand, increasing both the bulk and the moisture content of the stool. the incresed bulk stimulates perstalsis and the absorbed water softens the stool these agents do not have systemic effects

Front 61

fecal softeners soften stool by doing what

Back 61

lowering the surface tension, which allows the fecal mass to be softened by intestinal fluids. they also inhibit fluid and electrolyte reabsorption by the intestine

Front 62

hyperosmolar laxatives (such as lactulose and glycerine) produce what

Back 62

an osmotic effect in the colon by distending the bowel with fluid accumulation and promoting peristalsis and bowel movement.

Front 63

this type of laxative carries a barrier between the feces and the colon wall that prevents the colon from reabsorbing fecal fluid, thus softenig the stool. also helps with the ease of passage

Back 63

lubricant laxatives

Front 64

when are bulk laxatives used

Back 64

simple constipation, when the coolon looses muscle tone w/ the overuse of hathartics. postpartum, elderly and weakened pts. they are also used to tx diverticulosis and irritable bowel syndrome

Front 65

fecal softeners help relieve constipation produced by a delay in

Back 65

rectal emptying

Front 66

fecal softeners are used when it is important to reuce

Back 66

straining of the stool, such as in HH, cardiovascular disease, postpartum pts, rectal surgery

Front 67

saline lax are used for

Back 67

cleansing the bowel in prep for endoscopic or coloscopic exams, xray or surgery

Front 68

lactulose and glcerine are most commonly used to treat

Back 68

siple constipation

Front 69

lubricant lax are used to soften sool in condtions where straining should be avoided such as

Back 69

MI,aneurysm, sroke, hernia, rectal surgery

Front 70

stimulantor irritant lax are used to treat constipation resulting from

Back 70

prolonged bed rest or poor dietary habits or constipation induced by other drugs.

Front 71

what are some adverese reactions

Back 71

cramps, diarrhea, blockages (when not taken with enough liquid),

Front 72

long term use of stimulant laxatives result in what

Back 72

IBS

Front 73

antibioitics, anticoagulants, digitalis preps, and salicylates may have reduced effectiveess if used at the same time as

Back 73

bulk forming agents - 2 hour interval between doses of these meds is required

Front 74

fecal softeners should never be used along with

Back 74

mineral oil or other laxatives - systmeic absorption of other agents are enhanced

Front 75

antacids or milk should not be ten with

Back 75

bisacodyl tablets - they cause the enteric coating to dissovle too rapidly, resulting in gastric irritation

Front 76

many bulk forming agents containg high amounts of dextrose, galactose and sucrose and should be avoided in pts with

Back 76

DM

Front 77

bulk forming agents should have lots of

Back 77

water - or they can become hard or cause intestinal obstruction

Front 78

pt teaching for laxatives

Back 78

pg 341

Front 79

bulk forming laxatives are

Back 79

methycellulose (citrucel, unifiber)

psyllium seed (fiberall, metamucil)

Front 80

methycellulose (citrucel, unifiber)

Back 80

produces a lax effect in 12 - 72 hours all doses should be taken with 1 full glass or more of liquid

Front 81

psyllium seed (fiberall, metamucil)

Back 81

this product is indigestible and is not absorbed and odes not interfere with absorption of nutrients. less likely to cause lax abuse. 1 - 2 tsp po in full glass of water 1 - 3 times daily follow with second glass of water

Front 82

docusate

colace, modane

Back 82

fecal softener

give 50 - 200 mg po daily

Front 83

bulk forming laxatives such as citracel and metacmucil should be

Back 83

taken with full glass of water, should not be taken within 2 hour of any medication

Front 84

fecal softner (colace)
action

Back 84

softens stool by lowering the surface tension which allows the fecal mass to be softened by intestinal fluids. they also inhibit fluid and electrolyte reabsorption by the intestine

Front 85

the main action of skeletal muscle relaxants are to

Back 85

reduce muscle tone and involuntary (uncontrolled) movement w/o loss of voluntary (controlled) motor function

Front 86

skeletal muscle relaxants do what

Back 86

limit the transmission or movemetn oof impulses in the motor pathways at the level of the spinal cord and the brainstem, or they interfere wit hthe mechanism that shortens skeletal muscle fibers with the mechanism that shortens skeletal muscle fibers so that they contract

Front 87

other actions of skeletal muscle relaxants are

Back 87

mild sedation, reduction of anxiety and tension and changes in pain perception

Front 88

what is the use of the skeletal muscle relaxant

Back 88

to relieve pain i the usculoskeletal and neuro disorders involving peripheral injury and inflammation, such as muscle strain or sprain, arthiritis, bursitis, low back syndrome, cervical syndrome, tension HA, cerbral palsy, MS

Front 89

what are some advererse reactions of skeletal muscle relaxants

Back 89

flushing, (red color in the face and neck) hypotenison, syncope (light headed and fainting) blurred vision, confusion, drwosy , HA, insomnia, irritability, abdominal pain, anorexia, bleeding, diarrhea, hiccups, blood cell dosroders, dysuria

Front 90

skeletal muscle relaxants are available

Back 90

orally or injectible forms

Front 91

what has been reported with the use of muscle relaxers

Back 91

hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity and blood dyscrasias

Front 92

signs of hepatoxcity are

Back 92

abdominal pain, fever, nausea, diarrhea

Front 93

signs of blood dyscrasias include

Back 93

fever, sore throat, mucosal irritaition, malaise, petechia

Front 94

lowest dose should be used for skeletal muscle relaxants and should be stopped in how many days if no imporvement

Back 94

45

Front 95

the nurse or dr should be contacted immmediately if the pt is experiencing these symptoms with skeletal muscle relaxants

Back 95

dizzy, fainting, SOB, nausea, diarrhea, malaise

Front 96

baclofan

T - lioresal

Back 96

muscle relaxant antispastic begin dosage at 5 mg 3xd for 3 days then increase for 3 days 5 mg until thedesired respnse is obtained max daily dosage is 80 mg

Front 97

cyclobenzaprine
flexeral

Back 97

relieves acute skeletal muscle spasms of local origin w/o interfereing with muscle function

Front 98

what drugs tx arthritis

Back 98

salicylates and NSAIDs first line drug to tx arthritis

Front 99

This medication slows the activity of the stomach and intestinal tract, thus relieving cramping and reducing acid secretion. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers

Back 99

antispasmotic durgs

Front 100

how do you use antispsmotic drugs

Back 100

This medication is usually taken 30 to 60 minutes before meals and at bedtime. Take this medication exactly as prescribed. Do not increase the dose or take it more frequently without consulting your doctor. Drink plenty of fluids while using this medication unless your doctor directs you otherwise.

Front 101

what are some side effects of antipsmotic drugs

Back 101

flushing of the face, problems sleeping, headache, blurred vision, drowsiness, increased sensitivity to light, constipation, dry mouth, decreased sweating or thirst

Front 102

these drugs incrrease the excretion of urate salts in the urine by blocking tubular reabsorption of these salts in the kidney.

Back 102

urocosuric acid

Front 103

uricosuric agents are no help in an

Back 103

acute episode of gout

Front 104

this is a special drug used to treat acute gouty attacks

Back 104

colchicine

Front 105

this is used in preventitive therapy of gout

Back 105

allopurinol (zyloprim)

Front 106

the dx of gout is confirmed by serum uric acid levels greater than

Back 106

7 mg/100 ml and a 24 hour urine test for uric acid of less than 800 mg/day. the pt has usually had more than one acute attack before starting on these agents

Front 107

what is used in out for pt who do not respond to all other drugs

Back 107

sulfinpyrazone(anturane)

Front 108

allopurinol is usually used when objective finding show any of these conditions

Back 108

overproduction of uric acid on a general diet (greater thn 700 mg / day
-uric acid nephropathy with impaired renal function
-tophi
-kidney stones
-gout not controlled by uricosuric drugs alonge

Front 109

what are the adverse reactions to uricosuric agents

Back 109

fever, dizzy, pruritus, rashes, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, n/v, aplastic anemai, kidney and liver problems

Front 110

colchicine ma cause what

Back 110

abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, n/v,

Front 111

allopurinol may produce

Back 111

drowsiness, alopecia, purpura, diarrhea, abdominal pain, n/v, blood dyscrasias

Front 112

A condition where any of the blood components are abnormal in any way. an abnormal condition of the blood

Back 112

Blood dyscrasia:

Front 113

Sedimentation rate (sed rate) measures the speed at which red blood cells settle to the bottom of a test tube. The presence of certain abnormal proteins in the blood can cause red blood cells to stick together and sink to the bottom more quickly.

Back 113

sed rate

Front 114

Sed rate is a screening test for many different diseases. A high sed rate is not specific to any one disease. Possible causes include:

Back 114

Infection
Inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus
Blood cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma
Cancers that have spread (metastasized)

Front 115

people with RA usually have an elevated

Back 115

sed rate