Pharmacology Of Cancer

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inhibitor of thymidylate synthase used for breast cancer, GI cancer, skin cancer

side effects: coronary atherosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, GI ulcer, myelosuppression, cerebellar syndrome, visual changes, stenosis lacrimal system, alopecia, rash, pruritus, photosensitivity, GI disturbance, stomatitis, headache

contraindications: severe bone marrow depression, poor nutritional state, serious infection, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency, pregnancy

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fluorouracil (5-FU)

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inhibitor of thymidylate synthase used for metastatic colorectal cancer and breast cancer

side effects:coronary atherosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, GI ulcer, myelosuppression, cerebellar syndrome, visual changes, stenosis lacrimal system, alopecia, rash, pruritus, photosensitivity, GI disturbance, stomatitis, headache

contraindications: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency, severe renal imairment

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capecitabine

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inhibitor of thymidylate synthase used for nonsmall cell lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma

side effects: myelosuppression, angina, MI, stroke, thrombophlebitis, liver damage, bullous skin rash, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis

contraindication: severe renal impairment

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Pemetrexed

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inhibitor of purine metabolism used for acute lymphoid leukema, acute myeloid leukemia, Crohn's, immunosupression in renal transplant, rheumatoid arthritis, IBD

side effects: pancreatitis, myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, infection, gastritis

contraindication: pregnancy

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6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP), Azathioprine

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inhibitor of purine metabolism used for hairy cell leukemia and T-cell lymphoma

side effects: cardiac arrhythmia, HF, myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, rash, shaking, chills, vomiting, myalgia, URI, fever

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Pentostatin

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ihibitor ribonucleotide reductase used for hematologic malignancies, head/neck cancer, melanoma, ovarian carcinoma, sickle cell anemia

side effects: myelosuppression, secondary leukema with long term use, GI toxicity, skin ulcer

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Hydroxyurea

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Guanine analogue used for acute myelotic leukemia

side effects: myelosuppression, hyperuricemia, intestinal perforation, hepatotoxicity, infection, GI disturbance

contraindication: prior resistance

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thioguanine

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purine necleotide analogue used for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

side effects: aplasia of skin, autimmune hemolytic anemia, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, pneumonia, infection, edema, GI disturbance, asthenia, fatigue

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Fludarabine phosphate

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Purine analogue used for hairy cell leukemia and MS

side effects: febrile neutropenia, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, infection, rash, injection site reaction, nausea, headache

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Cladribine

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Cytidine analogue used for acute lymphoid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, meningeal leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

side effects: myelosuppression, neuropathy, nephrotoxicity, liver dysfunction, infections, thrombophlebitis, rash, hyperyricemia, GI disturbance, ulcers of mouth or anus

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Cytarabine (araC)

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Cytidine analogue used for myelodysplastic syndrome

side effects: myelosuppression, renal failure, peripheral edema, GI disturbance, hepatic coma, lethargy, cough, fever

contraindications: advanced malignant hepatic tumors

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azacytidine

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cytidine analogue used for pancreatic cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease

side effects: myelosuppression, febrile neutropenia,pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity, HUS, fever, GI disturbanc, liver enzyme elevation, edema, rash, paresthesias

contraindications: pregnancy

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gencitabine

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alkylating agent used for autoimmune disease, leukemias and lymphomas, advanced mycosis fungoides, neuroblastoma, ovarian cancer, retinoblastoma, breast cancer, malignant histiocytosis

side effects: myelosuppression, cardiomyopathy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemorrhagic cystitis, azoospermia, interstitial pneumonia,infection, alopecia, GI disturbance, leukipenia, amenorrhea

contraindication: severely depressed bone marrow function

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Cyclophosphamide

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Alkylating agents used for leukemia and Hodgkin's disease

side effects: myelosuppression, cardiomyopathy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemorrhagic cystitis, azoospermia, interstitial pneumonia, infection, alopecia, gastrointestinal disturbance, leukopenia, amenorrhea

contraindication: presence of known infectious disease

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mechlorethamine

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alkylating agent used for lymphoma

side effects: myelosuppression, cardiomyopathy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemorrhagic cystitis, azoospermia, interstitial pneumonia, infection, alopecia, gastrointestinal disturbance, leukopenia, amenorrhea

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melphalan

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alkylating agent used for prostate cancer

side effects: myelosuppression, cardiomyopathy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemorrhagic cystitis, azoospermia, interstitial pneumonia, infection, alopecia, gastrointestinal disturbance, leukopenia, amenorrhea

contraindication: active thromboembolic disorder

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estramustine

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alkylating agent used for leukemia

side effects: myelosuppression, cardiomyopathy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemorrhagic cystitis, azoospermia, interstitial pneumonia, infection, alopecia, gastrointestinal disturbance, leukopenia, amenorrhea

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chlorambucil

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alkylating agent used for bladder cancer

side effects: myelosuppression, cardiomyopathy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemorrhagic cystitis, azoospermia, interstitial pneumonia, infection, alopecia, gastrointestinal disturbance, leukopenia, amenorrhea

contraindication: hepatic, renal, or bone marrow dysfunction

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thiotepa

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alkylating agent used for gastric adn pancreatic cancer

side effects: myelosuppression, cardiomyopathy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemorrhagic cystitis, azoospermia, interstitial pneumonia, infection, alopecia, gastrointestinal disturbance, leukopenia, amenorrhea

contraindications: coagulation disorder or renal impairment

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mitomycin

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alkylating agent used for brain cancer

side effects: myelosuppression, cardiomyopathy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemorrhagic cystitis, azoospermia, interstitial pneumonia, infection, alopecia, gastrointestinal disturbance, leukopenia, amenorrhea

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carmustine

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alkylating agents used for Hodgkin's disease and ovarian cancer(A)

side effects: myelosuppression, cardiomyopathy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemorrhagic cystitis, azoospermia, interstitial pneumonia, infection, alopecia, gastrointestinal disturbance, leukopenia, amenorrhea

contraindication: severe bone marrow depression and severe neurologic toxicity(A)

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altretamine adn procarbazine

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alkylating agent used for Hodgkins disease

side effects: myelosuppression, cardiomyopathy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemorrhagic cystitis, azoospermia, interstitial pneumonia, infection, alopecia, gastrointestinal disturbance, leukopenia, amenorrhea

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dacarbazine

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drug used for genitourinary cancers and lung cancers

side effects: nephrotoxicity (ci), myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, electrolyte imbalance

contraindication: severe bone marrow depression, renal or hearing impairment

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cisplatin and carboplatin

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drug used for colorectal cancer

side effects: acute and persistent neurotoxicity, myelosuppression, colitis, hepatic dysfunction, GI disturbance, back pain, cough, fever

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oxaliplatin

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drug used for testicular cancer, hodgkin's disease, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma

side effects: pulmonary fibrosis, vascular disease, MI, stroke, Raynaud's, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, rare myelosuppression, alopecia, rash, hyperpigmentation, skin tenderness, GI disturbance, stomatitis

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Bleomycin

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topoisomerase inhibitors used for colorectal cancer (i), small cell lung cancer, cervical carcinoma, ovarian cancer(t)

side effects: life-threatening diarrhea, myelosuppression, febrile neutropenia, liver dysfunction, interstitial lung disease, alopecia, eosinophilia

contraindication: severe bone marrow depression

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irinotecan and topotecan

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topoisomerase inhibitor used for leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer, bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, GI cancer, nephroblastoma, osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, small cell carcinoma of lung, soft tissue sarcoma (do); acute lymphoid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia (da); breast cancer (e)

side effects: HF, myelosuppression, alopecia, rash, GI disturbance

contraindication: pre-existing HF, severe bone marrow depression, severe hepatic dysfunction

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doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin

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topoisomerase inhibitor used for testicular and lung cancer, leukemia (e); acute lymphoid leukemia, non hodgkins lymphoma (t)

side effects: HF, myelosuppression, alopecia, rash, GI disturbance

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etoposide and teniposide

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topoisomerase inhibitor used for recurrent leukemia and ovarian cancer

side effects: ECG changes including QT prolongation, paralytic ileus, myelosuppression, convulsion, azoospermia, hepatotoxicity, alopecia, GI disturbance

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amsacrine

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agent that inhibits microtubule polymerization used for metastatic testicular cancer, lymphoma, AIDS related Kaposi sarcoma, breast cancer, choriocarcinoma, malignant histiocytosis, mycosis fungoides

side effects: myelosuppression, hypertension, neurotoxicity, azoospermia, alopecia, bone pain, GI disturbance

contraindication: bacterial infection, significant granulocytopenia

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vinblastine

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inhibitor of microtubule polymerization used for leukemias, Hodgkin's disease, non hodgkin's lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, nephroblasoma

side effects: peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, myelosuppression, alopecia, GI disturbance, diplopia

contraindication: charcot-Marie-tooth syndrome, intrathecal use

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vincristine

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inhibitor of microtubule depolymerization used for ovarian cancer, breast cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, AIDS related Kaposi sarcoma

side effects: myelosuppression, pulmonary toxicity, severe hypersensitivity reaction, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, alopecia, GI disturbance, arthralgia

contraindications: severe neutropenia

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paclitaxel

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inhibitor of microtubule depolymerization used for breast cancer, gastric cancer, prostate cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer

side effects: myelosuppression, steven's-johnson syndrome, fluid retention syndrome leading to severe edema, neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, colitis, alopecia, GI disturbance, asthenia, fever

contraindication: severe neutropenia

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docetaxel