Pharmacology Meds Flash Cards: Pain Meds

Front 1

How do Opioid Analgesics work?

Back 1

They relieve moderate to severe pain by inhibiting pain signal transmission from periphery to the brain

Front 2

*Naloxone* (Narcan)
1) Indication?
2) Routes?

Back 2

1) Treats respiratory depression caused by opioids
2) IV, IM, Subcutaneous

Front 3

*Codeine w/ Tylenol*
1) Weaker or stronger than morphine?
2) What route is it given?

Back 3

1) Weaker than morphine
2) Given PO
~10-15% of population are unable to metabolize this!

Front 4

*Fentanyl*
1) Does it take a short or long time to start acting?
2) What routes are available?

Back 4

1) Very potent! Quick acting
2) Transdermal patches, PCA, IV

Front 5

Hydrocodone (Vicodin, Lortab)
1) What is this medicine combined with?
2) What route given?

Back 5

1) Combines with Tylenol (acetominophen) -- DO NOT exceed dose limit!!!
2) Given PO

Front 6

*Hydromorphone* (Dilaudid)
1) Is it weaker or stronger than morphine?
2) Does it have active metabolites?

Back 6

1) 8x more potent than morphine!
-Morphine 1-4 mg IV
-Dilaudid 1 mg q1hr prn = same as 5 mg morphine

Front 7

*Meperidine* (Demerol)
1) What is the major problem with this medication?

Back 7

1) Problems with toxic metabolites = CNS stimulation

Front 8

*Methadone*
1) Shorter or longer duration of action?
2) What is it used for?

Back 8

1) Longer duration of action
2) Used for severe pain & in addiction treatment

Front 9

*Oxycodone*
1) It can be used alone or combined with ______ ?
2) It is available in short acting called ______ ? and long acting called _______ ?

Back 9

1) Combined with Tylenol (Percocet)
2) Short acting = Percocet or OXYIR
Long acting = OxyContin formulations

Front 10

*Tramadol*
1) Does it have the highest or lowest potential for abuse?
2) What medical condition is it used for other than pain?

Back 10

1) Lowest potential for abuse
2) It is used for fibromyalgia

Front 11

~What are adverse effects of Opioids?

Back 11

- Respiratory depression
- Hypotension
- Excessive Sedation
- N/V
- Constipation

Front 12

*Opioid Dosing Guidelines*
1) When order includes dose range (1-2 tabs or 2-4 mg) start with what dose?
2) ______ dosages should be used for patients already receiving CNS depressants
3) For constant/chronic pain scheduled dosing should occur - for intermittent pain or breakthrough pain, ______ dosing is indicated
4) For severe, acute pain - give ________ opioid at onset
5) ___________ prior to painful activities

Back 12

1) Start with smaller dose
2) Reduced dosages
3) PRN dosing
4) Give parenteral opioid
5) Pre-medicate

Front 13

Antiprostaglandin drugs:
NSAIDS
1) What are 5 types of NSAIDS?
2) What is their MOA?
3) Indications for use?

Back 13

1) Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Ketorolac (Toradol), Indomethacin, Celecoxib (Celebrex)
2) Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS & PNS. Inhibits COX-1 & COX-2 enzymes which are required for prostaglandin production.
3) Inflammatory disorders, Mild to moderate pain, Fever, Suppress platelet aggregation

Front 14

*NSAIDS*
1) Contraindications for the use of NSAIDS?

Back 14

- PUD
- GI/ bleding disorders
- Impaired renal function
- Hypersensitivity to ASA
- CHILDREN!!!
- Pregnancy (ASA - use with extreme caution, Ketoralac (Toradol) - never use!