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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Ec50? Lower or higher is more potent?
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- dose that is half of the maximal effect
- lower Ec50 means more potent |
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If two drugs are working on the same receptor they produce _____ curves
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- parallel
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Lower Ec but same biological effect means what?
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- more potent but same efficacy
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Difference between competitive & noncompetitive antagonist in terms of dose & response?
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- competitive can overcome by adding more agonist - end up with same response just need more
- noncompetitive can destroy some receptors - do not end up with maximal response, does doesn't change |
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What does it mean when Ec50 is less than Kd?
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- do not need to activate all of the receptors to achieve a maximal response - Ec50 is considerably less than Kd meaning you have spare receptors
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What is Ed50? Ld50?
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- dose that produces certain response in 50% of population
- Ld50 is the lethal dose in 50% of population |
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What is the therapeutic index?
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- ratio of Ld50/Ed50
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normal biological variability
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- some animals respond to doses lower or higher
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pharmacokinetics vs pharmacodynamics
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- pharmacokinetics: measure of what happens to the drug in the body
- pharmacodynamics: measure of what the drug does to the body |
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which form of a drug can cross the membrane? This is also how they are reabsorbed in the kidney
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- unionized form
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weak acid added to acid suppresses or favors ionization? What about added to base?
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- weak acid added to acid suppresses ionization
- weak acid added to base favors ionization |
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how does the absorption of aspirin work?
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- acid in stomach suppresses ionization so it is absorbed
- 50% taken in in the stomach & 50% in the intestine because of the volume - in plasma pH is higher so it favors the ionization |
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how is coedine the opposite of aspirin?
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- it is charged in the stomach therefore not absorbed and it is uncharged in the plasma so it can diffuse out
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why is it important to analyze the milk of a mother who is nursing?
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- drugs like codeine & morphine & antidepressents can get into milk
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how is the absorption of nicotine affected by coffee or cola?
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- absorption is decreased because coffee & cola are acidic pH & nicotine is basic substance - therefore increases ionization and it is not as readily absorbed
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if a patient has overdosed on barbituates how do you help patient get rid of them? metamphetamine?
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- make the urine alkaline because that will ionize the acid
- metamphetamine - if urine is acidic it is in charged form - not reabsorbed --> if urine is alkaline you do not get excretion b/c this is an alkaline compound |
