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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AMDUCA established legal __________________ by veterinarians |
Extralabel drug use |
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AMDUCA use of drugs must not result in violative_____________ |
Residues |
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Extralabel drug use means the use of a drug in an animal in a manner _________________________ |
That is not in accordance with FDA-approved label - Use in a species not listed on the label - Use a route, dosage, duration, or frequency different from those stated on the label - Deviation form the labeled witholding time |
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When would you legally use extralabel drug use? |
In cases in which the health of the animal is endangered and suffering or death of the animal may result from lack of treatment. There is not a licensed or market drug for that species that would be considered effective. |
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What is required for extra label drug use? |
Valid veterinary client patient relationship FDA approved drugs (human or animal) RECORDS! LABELS! |
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What website can you check for milk & meat withdrawal times for extralabel drugs? |
Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) |
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Are you allowed to used extralabel use of medicated needs? |
Only in minor species |
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Consequences of the Use of Prohibited Drugs in Food Animals |
Actions against the producer & vet Condemnation of animals or animal products Detention of future shipments On-site investigation of producer Notification to state & federal agencies Fines or imprisonment |
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Treatment options for Bovine Respiratory Disease |
Evaluate & treat animals separate Metaphylactic treatment Combination fro metaphylatic/individual treatment |
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Treatment Categories for Bovine Respiratory Disease |
3rd generation cephalosporins Macrolides Penicillins Fluoroquinolones Amphenicols Tetracyclines Sulfas |
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Which drugs can be used metaphylactically for bovine respiratory complex? |
Centiofur crystalline free acid Tilmicosin, gamithromycin, tulathromycin Enrofloxacin Florenfenicols |
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How is centiofur crystalline free acid administered? For which disease? |
Administered at the base f the ear Used for metaphylactic treatment of bovine respiratory complex |
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Tilmicosin Safety Considerations |
Do not use in automatically powdered syringes - to avoid self injection Fatal in swine, horses, goats, primates No IV injections in cattle - possibly fatal - SQ only Store in a secure location |
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________ is one of the most commonly detected drug residues in tissue & milk |
Penicillin Can cause anaphylactic reactions post consumption of products Pasteurization reduces residues slightly (10-20%) |
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Drugs for Treatment of Respiratory Disease in Small Ruminats |
Oxytetracyclines Penecillin G Centiofur sodium Tilmicosin (Sheep only!) |
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Environmental Mastitis Agents |
E. coli Klebsiella spp. Strep uberis Strep dysgalactiae Coagulase negative staph |
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Contagious Mastitis Agents |
Strep agalactiae Staph aureus Mycoplasma spp. |
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Mastitis Scores |
Mild (1) - Abnormal milk Moderate (2) - + abnormal udder Severe (3) - + sick cow |
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Treatment Decisions Related to Mastitis |
Treat every case before milk culture results are available VS Treat based on milk culture results |
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TNT Plate |
Treat or Not Treat Media culture plates for milk cultures for mastitis |
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When should you treat mastitis? |
For milk to moderate clinical cases when culture results reveal a gram positive organism |
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For treatment of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, in vitro susceptibility is ___________ and but in vivo treatment success is ____________ |
In vitro susceptibility is high, but in vivo treatment successis very low Only 25% success rate in mature cows, 60% in first lactation |
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How should you treat mastitis caused by Mycoplasma spp.? |
Do not treat with drugs! No cell wall Manage via culling & segregation - highly contagious |
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Treatment of severe cases of mastitis requires..... |
Fluids & electrolytes System antibiotics - broad spectrum Anti-inflammatory drugs |
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Over _____% of cows with mastits will develop bacteremia |
40% - systemic antibiotics should be used in severe cases |
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Use of intramammary antibiotic therapy for treatment of mastitis |
Not recommended due to release of endotoxins If used, centiofur should be first choice Use partial insertion of tube tip Infuse full dose of the tube at every treatment |
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Treatment of Mastitis in Small Ruminants |
There are not approved products for treatment of mastitis is small ruminants Treat based on clinical signs & milk culture results |
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Drugs Used for Systemic Treatment of Mastitis in Small Ruminants |
Oxytetracycline Penicillin G Centiofur sodium (only if bacteremia is suspected) |
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Types of Postpartum Uterine Infections & Common Bacteria Involved |
Endometritis Toxic puerperal metritis Postpuerperal metritis E. coli Aracanobacterium pyogenes Fuscobacterium necrophorum Clostridium spp. |
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Treatment of Toxic Puerperal Metritis |
NSAIDS - flunixin meglumine IV Antibiotic therapy Centiofur HCL or crystalline free acid Ampicillin Ocytetracycline Penicillin G |
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Why is it difficult to use analgesic compounds in food animals? |
There are no approved drugs Delay between time of administration & onset Route of administration may require specialized training Some drugs are schedule 3 & subject to FDA regulations |
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Which local anesthetic is commonly used in food animals? |
Lidocaine 2% Approved in cattle - good for cornual nerve blocks Can be combined with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate at 10:1 ratio to reduce pain produced by infiltration |
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Flunixin Meglumine Use in Food Animals |
IV ONLY! NSAID Used to control fever & inflammation associated with endotoxemia Approved in cattle & swine |
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Which NSAID drugs are commonly used in food animals? |
Flunixin meglumine Asprin Phenylbutazone Meloxicam |
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Use of phenylbutazone in _______________ is prohibited |
Dairy cattle Still sometimes used in beef cattle, even though there are better alternatives - discouraged due to long withdrawl time |
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Meloxicam binds to _______ |
Cyclooxygenase receptors
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Meloxicam Use In Food Animals |
Approved for cattle in Europe, but not in the US Used for pain from dehorning & castration in cattle & small ruminants Oral with a loading dose |
