Pharmacology Introduction

Front 1

Define Pharmacology:

Back 1

the study of drugs and their actions and effects in body systems.

Front 2

Define Pharmacodynamics:

Back 2

the study of biochemical and physiologic drug effects, and the mechanisms of drug action.

Front 3

Define Pharmacokinetics:

Back 3

the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Front 4

Define Pharmacognosy:

Back 4

the study of drugs derived from herbal or natural sources.

Front 5

Define Pharmacotherapeutics:

Back 5

the study of how drugs are best used and which drug is appropriate for a specific disease.

Front 6

Define Toxicology:

Back 6

the study of poisons and poisonings.

Front 7

Define Toxicity:

Back 7

refers to a drug's ability to poison the body.

Front 8

Define Overdose:

Back 8

dose of drug that causes harm

Front 9

Define an Adverse drug reaction (ADR):

Back 9

any response to drug that is noxious, unintended, and occurs at doses normally used for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy.

Front 10

Define Side effect:

Back 10

an unintended drug effect, can be beneficial

Front 11

What are the 3 components of risk-benefit decisions?

Back 11

1. Risk assessment- scientific data analysis
2. Risk perception- how positively or negatively the risk data is viewed.
3. Risk acceptance- how adverse to, or accepting of risk is the individual.

Front 12

From a risk vs benefit point of view there are several factors about the patient to take into consideration. What are they? (5)

Back 12

- the disease and its severity
- the age and health
- risks they are willing to take
- what the patient wants
- what is possible (cure, control)

Front 13

What are the different classes of drug names? (3)

Back 13

- chemical
- Generic
- Proprietary

Front 14

How do drug interactions usually result?

Back 14

- adverse

Front 15

Define an Idiosyncratic reaction:

Back 15

- a unique, strange, or unpredicted reaction to a drug.

Front 16

Define an allergic reaction:

Back 16

- hypersensitivity to a drug that occurs after previous exposure to similar or the same drug, and develops rapidly after re-exposure

Front 17

Anaphylactic shock:

Back 17

idiosyncratic, sudden, and life-threatening allergic reaction

Front 18

Define tolerance:

Back 18

development of reistance to drug's effects, such that dose must be continually raised to elicit desired response.

Front 19

What drugs commonly produce tolerance? (5)

Back 19

- opiates
- barbiturates
- tobacco
- nitrates
- alcohol

Front 20

Define a cumulative effect:

Back 20

- occurs when body cannot completely metabolize and excrete on drug dose before the next dose is given.

Front 21

Define Synergism:

Back 21

occurs when combined action of two or more agents produces a greater effect than expected from agents acting separately.

Front 22

Define potentiation:

Back 22

- a greater effect than expected caused from additive properties of two or more drugs