Pharmacology Intro

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Pharmacology

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the science dealing with the study of drugs; or the study of interactions between exogenous chemicals and biological systems.

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Clinical pharmacology

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study of effects and disposition of drugs in humans; use of drugs to treat disease

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Toxicology

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study of harmful effects of exogenous chemicals on biological systems.

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Pharmacy

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the health profession dealing with the storage, preparation, formulation, and dispensing of medicinal agents, and with consultation with patients and with other health professionals concerning drug therapy.

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Pharmacokinetics

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how the body handles the drug (and time course).

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Pharmacodynamics

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the actions of the drug on the body.

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Distribution

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passage of drug from the blood stream to other tissues in the body
nonselective

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Excretion

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elimination from the body, and the body does nothing else to it. Drug leaves through urine, sweat.
often ionized or inactive drugs

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Absorption

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the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream.
- determines bioavailability (or fraction of drug that reaches the systemic circulation)
-dependent on the drug’s dissolution, dosage form, the route of administration, stability of drug in the tissues, and the extent of metabolism prior to entry into the plasma compartment
-key factor in the onset of drug action

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Metabolism

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chemical change in a drug carried out by tissues of the body

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Agonist

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drug which acts on a receptor and produces a response
Have two main properties. Affinity for the receptor.
intrinsic activity- ability to activate a signalling mechanism.

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Competitive antagonist

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Drug which binds to a specific receptor and blocks it

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antagonist

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diminishes response of an agonist; has affinity but no intrinsic activity

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graded dose response curve

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dose related to magnitude or amount of effect

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quantal dose response curve

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dose related to percent of subjects showing a specified(all-or-nothing) response

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efficacy

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maximal effect a drug can produce

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potency

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amount of drug needed for a given effect

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affinity

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Sum of forces of attraction between drug and receptor
Determines concentration of drug in biophase necessary for interaction to occur

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Response

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Effect seen or measured as result of drug-receptor interaction

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Intrinsic Activity

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Ability of a drug to initiate a response

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ED50

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Dose that is effective in half the animals

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LD50

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Dose that kills half the animals

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TD50

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Does that is toxic to half the animals

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Partial agonist

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drugs that acts on receptor but has a lower maximum efficacy regardless of dose