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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hydrochlorthiazide/
Hydrodiuril |
Thiazide diuretc
Inhibits Na/Cl reab distal tubule Hypercalcemia/urecimia may result CANNOT use with renal failure pt HTN, Chronic edema, Hypocalcemia |
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Furosemide/
Lasix |
Loop Diuretc
Hypo: K, Mg, Ca, Uric, Na Inhibit Na/Cl/K co-transporter sys Renal insufficiency, HTN, CHF |
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Spironolactone/Aldactone
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K-sparing diuretic
Direct Aldosterone Antagonist Inc. Na eccretion, inhibit K secretion HTN, Chronic edema |
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Propranolol/Inderal
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Non-selective Beta Blocker
HTN, acute MI, angina, tachy, migraine, tremors NO mix c etoh/narcotics Abrupt w/draw = rebound HTN MC sx = sexual dysfxn |
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Atenolol/ Tenormin
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Cardioselective beta blocker (B2)
HTN, Acute MI, tachy More safety with asthmatics/COPD than non-selective No mix c etoh/narcotics Rebound HTN/ tachy |
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Praosin/ Minipress
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Alpha-1 adrenergic blocker
HTN & BPH Orthostatic HTN, Dizziness, Impotency |
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Lisinopril/ Prinivil/ Zestril
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ACE inhibitor
HTN & Diabetes, post MI Category X HYPERKALEMIA DRY IRRITATING COUGH, ANGIOEDEMA Blocks conversion of Angiotension I-II |
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Losartan/Cozaar
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Angiotensin II inhibitor
Hyperkalemia Blocks bradykinin HTN, Diabetic neuropathy c proteinuria Category X |
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Minoxidil
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Direct vasodilator/ Centrally acting alpha agonist
Sever HTN HIRSUTISM = ROGAINE drug! |
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Hydralazine/ Apresoline
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Direct vasodilator
Drug Induced Lupus syndrome |
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What is the safest Ca Channel Blocker?
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Magnesium
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What type of drug is used if can't control HTN with other drugs?
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Alpha-agonists d/t broad side effects
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What is the best first line drug for diabetes & HTN
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ACE inhibitors
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What happens when a selective Beta blocker is given in a high enough dose?
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A non-selective effect
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Loratadine/Claritin
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Anti-histamine, Non-sedating
Seasonal allergic rhinits, hay fever May cz: Drying of secretions H1 receptor antagonist (lg size and charge = less likely to cross BBB) |
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Diphenhydramine/ Benadryl
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Anti-histamine, Sedating
Allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis etc. M/C: Sedation, drying of secretions, may WORSEN asthma/sinusitis H1 receptor site blockade MC agent in rhinorrhea hives etc. |
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Codeine
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Antitussive, narcotic analgesic
Cough suppression MC: drowsiness, Constipation, GI upset Suppresses CNS cough sensor sensitivity |
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Zafirlukast/Accolate
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Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Phrophylaxis & chronic asthma MC: H/A GI distress, diarrhea, Inc. risk resp infxn |
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Prednisone/ Deltasone
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Corticosteroid
COPD, worsening asthma, Leukemias MC: All signs of Cushings Decreases inflammation and edema in resp tract MC oral steroid Cushings secondary to prednisone common Withdrawal may cz Addissonian crisis |
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Beclomethasone/ Beclovent
Vanceril |
Corticosteroid
Asthma not controlled by bronchodilators alone Inc. Risk oral thrush Reduces Mac/Eo No effect on airway sm mm |
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Ipratropium/ Atrovent
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Anti-cholinergic
used infrequently Respiratory Drug |
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Salmeterol
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Long acting B-2 blocker
Chronic Asthma (NOT ACUTE) MC: H/A, cough B-2 receptor stim = inc cAMP = relaxation/ dilation |
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Albuterol/ Ventolin/ Proventil
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B-2 agonist
Acute uncomplicated asthma MC: tachycardia, palpations, anxiety |
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Epinephrine
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Non-Selective Adrenergic agonist
Prophylaxis asthma, status asthmaticus |
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Methylxanthines/ Theophylline/ Theo-dur
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Narrow TI, similar to coffee. Respiratory drug
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Corticosteroids inhibit what enzyme?
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Phospholipase A2
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A-1 Adrenergic targets?
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Vasculature - sm mm constriction
Dilates pupil Decreased intestinal motility |
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A-2 Adrenergic targets?
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BRAIN
decreased nor-epinephrine released, decreased sympathetic outflow PANCREAS: decreased secretion of insulin |
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B-1 Adrenergic targets?
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HEART
Increases heart rate, contractility, velocity KIDNEY: Inc. Renin Secretion |
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B-2 Adrenergic targets?
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LUNG: Sm mm relaxation and bronchodilation
UTERUS: relaxation ARTERIOLES (not skin/brain): vasodilation |
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Niacin/ Nicotinic acid/ Niaspan
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Anti-Hyperlipidemic/ Vitamin B3
MC: flushing, pruritis, N&V, rhabdomyalysis Decrease a-lipoprotein A CONTRA: poorly controlled DM, active LI dz, active PUD **INOSITOL HEXANIACINATE = safest form |
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Gemfibrozol/ Lopid
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Anti-Hyperlipidemic - Fibrate
Fibric acid derivative Incredibly High TRIGLYCERIDE levels Contra: pt c pre-existing gallbladder/liver dz Decrease Tri production in LI |
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Lovenza
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Rx Omega-3 fish oil
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Atorvastin/ Lipitor
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Category X Take c CoQ10 MC: rhabdomyalisis Category X STATIN drug |
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Cholestyramine/ Questran
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Anti-Hyperlipidemic
Interferes with normal digestion MC: N&V, difficult eat fat Category C some docs use for Lyme dz |
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Ezetimibe/ Zetia
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Anti-hyperlipedemic
MC: Oily loose stools Works at brush border Category X |
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What supplement do you need to be on if you are on a Co-A reducatase inhibitor?
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CoQ-10
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Nitroglycerin/ Nitrostat
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Nitrate Vasodilator
Angina- all forms Acute relief, Prophylaxis MC: H/A, Hypotension, Flushing Immediate vasodilation via NO **Drug of choice for angina not relieved by rest |
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Isosorbide/ Dinitrate/ Isordil
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Long acting Nitrate Vasodilator
Prophylaxis, Angina MC: H/A, Hypotension NO-vasodilation |
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Amlodopine/ Norvasc
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CA Channel Blocker
Angina - esp. Variant, HTN MC: Flushing, H/A Hypotension Blocks CA influx = vasodilation, Dec symp induced coronary artery spasm |
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Clopidogrel/ Plavix
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Platelet aggregation inhibitor
**Irreversibly inhibits |
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Aspirin/ ASA
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Salicylate anti-inflammatory
Analgesic/ antipyruetic **Irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase enzyme MC: TINNITUS **Risk REYE'S syndrome Do not take aspirin 1 wk prior to surgery |
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Abciximab/ ReoPro
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Glycoprotein IIB/IIA omjobotpr
Coronary Surgery Only IV |
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Morphine Sulphate
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Analgesic
Pn relief, Unstable angina, MI Opiate receptor agonist Narcotic analgesic of choice **REVERSE with NALAXONE |
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What drug reverses Morphine Sulphate?
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Nalaxone
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What drug czs a risk for Reye's syndrome?
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Aspirin/ ASA
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Enoxaparin/ Lovenox
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Anti-Coagulant, Low molecular weight Heparin
Unstable angina, acute MI, Prophylaxis, Tx DVT & PE MC: Hemorrhage, Thrombocytopenia Binds & inactivates X & II Too large of dose = lethal ***REVERSE with Protamine Sulphate Clots 2-2.5x longer |
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What drug reverses overdose of Enoxaparin/ Lovenox?
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Protamine Sulfate
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What drug causes Tinnitus?
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Aspirin/ ASA
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Warfarin/ Coumadin
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Oral Anti-coagulant
Prophylaxis & tx DVT, PE Atrial if/ cardiac replacement MC: bleeding Antagonizes Vit K (2, 7 ,9 10) REVERSE with Vitamin K IV |
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What drug can be reversed with a Vitamin K IV?
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Warfarin/ Coumadin
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Streptokinase
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Thrombolytic (Clot buster!!!!)
Acute MI, Acute Ishemic stroke, Acute DVT or PE Activates plasminogen to plasmin **Strict Inlusionary/Exculsionary criteria REVERSE with Aminocaproic acid/ Amicar |
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What drug can be reversed with Amicar (Aminocaproic acid?)
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Streptokinase
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Pharmycodynamics is...
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mechanism of action of a drug on an organism
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Pharmacokinetics is
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the process by which a drug is metabolized, absorbed, distributed and eliminated from the body.
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What kind of drug can most easily cross a membrane?
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Small
Non-ionized Lipid-soluble |
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What drug should you never use for a hangover?
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Tyelonol/ Acetaminophin
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What does phase I detoxification do?
What enzyme catalyzes? |
Fat to water soluble. Use Cytochrome P450
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What is the bioavailability of an IV drug?
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100% (100% reaches the systemic circulation in an unchanged form)
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Is a large or small Therapeutic Index an indication of a drug's safety?
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Large!
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An agonist is....
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Mimics a naturally occuring substance (usu enhances a stimulus)
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What does a CI classified drug mean?
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No approved medical use
(recreational drug) |
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What does a CII classified drug mean?
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High potential for abuse
(oxycotin) |
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What does a CIII classified drug mean?
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Moderate potential for abuse
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What does a CIV classified drug mean?
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Low potential for abuse
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What does a drug classified as A mean?
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Controlled studies show no risk
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What does a drug classified as B mean?
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No evidence of risk on humans
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What does a drug classified as C mean?
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Cannot rule out risk
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What does a drug classified as D mean?
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Positive evidence of human fetal risk
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What does a drug classified as X mean?
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Contraindicated in Pregnancy
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What drugs are Category X?
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Warfarin/ Coumadin
Ezetimibe/ Zetia Atorvastin/ Lipitor Lisinopril/ Prinivil/ Zestril Losartan/ Cozaar |
