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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alendronate (Bisphosphonate) |
A - Stops bone being broken down and helps build new bone (osteoclast activity and production) T - Once weekly (daily if Paget's) H - Tablet 70mg (40mg) First thing in the morning with glass of water at least 30min before food or other meds, upright for 30min L - Longterm E - Ongoing T - Dental exam (baseline), monitor calcium - BMD evaluated every 2 years - For Paget's - ALP, Ca, VitD3, P04, Mg I - Hypocalcaemia, headache, GI upset, pain C - P/L, HS, esophageal abN, S - Exercise, no smoking, diet, Vit D3, Ca help
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Allopurinol |
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
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Amlodipine (CCB - L-type vessel selective) HTN and angina prophylaxis |
A - Amlodipine relaxes the blood vessels around you body which drops your blood pressure TH - Take one 5mg (max 10) tablet daily L - Longterm E - Quick T - Nil I - Abd pain, N/H, palpitations, oedema, fatigue C - Unstable angine, aortic stenosis, shock S - Don't take more than prescribed - Shock |
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Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) |
Non-opioid analgesic + antiplatelet agent |
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Atorvastatin (Statin) |
A - Statins stop the liver making cholesterol. High cholesterol contributes to artery disease which can cause heart attack, stroke, and kidney problems. T - Once a day in the evenings H - Tablet 10mg (Max 80mg) L - Lifelong E - Decreases risk over many years T - Review in 1M then every 6M - LFTs at baseline and if signs of liver disease (or at 3M and 12M) I - GI upset, headache, muscle pains , itching - 3A4 inducers (macrolides/azoles) - rhabdo C - Pregnancy/lactation, liver disease, porphyria S - Avoid grapefruit juice (1L) |
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Azathioprine (Immunosuppressant - purine analogue) Auto immune - IBD, RA, MS Post transplant |
A - Slows down quickly multiplying cells such as cancer and immune (T and B) cells. It does this by blocking the production of DNA. TH - Tablet 1mg/kg/day, start low (max 3mg/kg) L - Stop if no improvement in 3M E - T - FBC, LFTs, U/Es, for 4 weeks then 3monthly I - N/HS, infection (marrow), risk cancers - Reduce dose if taking allopurinol xanthineOI C - Pregnancy, live virus infection S - Stop immediately if rash, bruising, infection |
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Bendrofluazide (Thiazide diuretic) HTN or oedema |
A - Thiazides help the body get rid of water and salt by acting on the kidneys to mildly reduce reabsorption. TH - Take one 2.5mg tablet daily in morning L - Longterm E - Drop blood pressure and up urination I - GI/R/H postural hypotension - Lithium, Csteroids, allopurinol, digoxin C - Pregnancy - neonatal marrow suppression - Electrolyte imbalance - Gout/diabetes S - Tell doctor if rash, confusion, fatigue |
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Cilazapril (ACE inhibitor) HTN or CHF |
A - ACEIs act to lower your blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels around the body and helping the kidneys get rid of salt and water. They do this by blocking ACE which normally converts a chemical called angiotensin 1 to 2. TH - Take one 1mg daily (halve if diuretic, build slowly to 5mg if CHF) LE - Starts in days, weeks for target pressure T - RFTs base line and regularly, K I - Cough, N/V/H/R, postural hypo, taste, sweating, tachycardia, hyperkalaemia - Diuretics, NSAIDs, Li, hypoglycaemics C - Preganncy! eGFR<10, ARBs S - No rebound hypertension |
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Citalopram (SSRI) |
A - Antidepressants alter the balance of chemicals in the brain, mainly serotonin. T - Once daily, start 20mg, may up titrate every month to max 40mg H - Tablet L - Continue for 9-12M E - May take several weeks to work, stay on for 6M for full effect, 40-60% response T - Nil C - Suicide risk, past psych illness S - Review with GP in 2W, can switch to another class of antidepressant (TCAs/SNRI) |
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Clonidine |
Centrally acting antihypertensive
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Diclofenac (NSAID) Analgesia - MSK, dysmenorrhoea, post-op Inflammation |
A - Reduces the production of prostaglandins which are responsible for pain and inflammation TH - Take 1-3 50mg tablets per day (ibu 1-4x500) L - Smallest dose for the shortest time E - Should work in 2 hours and last 8 hours T - Blood pressure and RFTs at baseline I - GI/N/H/R bleeding ulcers, asthma - May increase lithium, digoxin C - Pregnancy, ulcers S - May try other NSAIDs |
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Digoxin (Cardiac glycoside) Supraventricular arrhythmias Heart failure |
A - Digoxin helps your heart beat stronger and slower. It does this by blocking the NA/K pump in the muscle cells which increases calcium in the cell which makes it contract harder. TH - Start with a loading dose over 24hrs then one tablet at same time daily of smallest dose LE - Depends on condition - days - years T - Check plasma conc. during loading and 6 hrs, monitor RFTs I - N/V/D/R, blurred vision, palps, faints, SoB, confusion, dizziness, fatigue - Many - verapamil, amiodarone, propanolol C - Heart block, accessory pathways (WPW), VF, HOCM, myo/pericarditis S - May cause abnormal rhythms
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Diltiazem (CCB intermediate selectivity) Angina HTN |
A - Diltiazem works by relaxing the blood vessels around the body (lowers blood pressure) and in the heart (increases flow to muscle). Both of these actions allow heart to pump blood easier around body, good for heart and exercise tolerance. TH - Angina - one tablet 4x/day - HTN - one tablet per day LE - T - if chronic LFTs I - N/H Slow HR, palps, dizziness, faints - Amdiodarone, B blockers, macrolides C - Lactation/preg, AV block, LHF S - Do not stop taking suddenly or take too much (fatal), avoid grapefruit juice |
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Doxazosin (Alpha-1 antagonist) HTN BPH |
A - Doxazosin relaxes the blood vessels around your body which drops your blood pressure (also relaxes prostate smooth muscle) TH - One tablet daily increase over several week LE - Long term benefits of low BP T - Regular BPs I - N/H/R posural hypo, dizziness, fatigue, impotence, bleeding/MI C - Lactation S - Take first few doses before bed due to risk of postural hypos, caution when driving |
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Enoxaparin (LMWH) DVT prophylaxis 40mg SC OD DVT RX - 1.5mg/kg OD SC (INR>2) ACS - 1mg/kg 12hrly for up to 8 days STEMI - 30mg bolus with 1 mg/kg SC |
A - Heparin stops blood clots forming. It does this by blocking thombin production which normally creates the fibrin in blood clots TH - Given as an injection under the skin once or twice a day LE - Acts quickly and is used until other medications kick in (days - 1 week) T - Blood test for platelets +- electrolytes, clotting times will not be changed I - Bleeding common, low platelets - Mifepristone (ECP), other anticoags C - Bleeding disorders, severe HTN, surgery S - Seek advice if you start bruising/bleeding |
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Frusemide (Loop diuretic) Oedema Resistant HTN |
A - Frusemide stops your kidneys from reabsorbing salt and water causing increased urination. AKA water pills. TH - Take one table in the morning LE - Longterm, should feel normal T - RFTs I - Postural hypo, dizziness, arrhythmia, hearing loss C - Pregnancy, renal failure S - Lifestyle options for high BP help |
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Gliclizide |
Sulfonylurea |
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Glyceryl Trinitrate
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Short acting nitrate |
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Haloperidol |
Typical antipsychotic
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Insulin |
Insulin
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Levodopa/carbidopa (Dopaminergic + DOPAdecarboxylase inhibitor) |
A - Replaces some of the dopamine that your brain would normally make, this will help reduce your symptoms of rigidity and slow movements Carbidopa helps get LDopa into your brain T - Take three times a day with food (nausea) H - Tablet (100mg) 2gmax L - As long as working, after 5 years may stop working so well E - Fast acting T - Do not withdraw suddenly - NMS I - N/V/F postural hypotension, psychosis, depression, arrythmia, dyskinesia C - Glaucoma, MAOIs, lactation S - |
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Levonorgestrel + Ethinylestradiol (COP) |
A - Gives your body a constant level of hormones similar to the ones that your ovaries normally produce (in cycles). Brain cannot tell the difference and the disruption of the cycle stops ovulation. Also thickens cervical mucosa and helps reduce acne. T - Taken in order at same time/day, 7 day rule applies when starting, 2 pills missed or vomit. - Missed 1 pill - Take as soon as remember, take next day as if pill not missed. H - Tablet. 7 sugar pills may be skipped to avoid withdrawal bleeding L - As long as contraception needed E - 7 days - use alternate contraception T - Pregnancy test if not used properly, STI check with unprotected sex, BP on repeat I - N/HS/H weight or mood changes. Clotting! - Protection with CYP3A4 inducers - Warfarin, heparin, steroids, carbamazipine C - Pregnancy, clots/CVD, >35y/o smoker or migraines, BP>160/100, BMI>40, DM, cancer S - ECP (72hrs), mirena (5 days) available |
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Metformin (Biguanide) |
A - Helps the body take up glucose from the blood, also helps liver stop putting glucose into the blood T - Once daily with breakfast (same time/day) H - Tablet 500mg (max 2g) L - Lifelong if it works E - T - Blood glucose regularly, RFTs annually I - N/V/D/HS abd pain, lactic acidosis (stop before GA/contrast) C - Renal impairment S - Does not cause hypoglycaemia. Diet, exercise, sulfonylureas and insulin help |
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Metoclopromide |
Antiemetic dopamine antagonist
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Metoprolol |
BBlocker (B1selective)
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Morphine |
Opioid analgesic
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Naloxone |
Opioid receptor antagonist
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Omeprazole |
PPI
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Paracetamol |
Non-opioid analgesic
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Phenytoin |
Anticonvulsant - Na channel stabiliser
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Prednisone |
Corticosteroid
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Propofol |
IV general anaesthetic (sedative/hypnotic) GABAa agonist
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Salbutamol |
Short acting B2 agonist
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Warfarin (Oral anticoagulant) |
A - Stops the liver from making clotting factors by blocking the use of vit K, this reduces risk of blood clots. T - Once daily, usually evenings H - Tablet (5mg? then adjust for INR) L - 3M for DVT, 6M for PE, longterm for AF E - Several days - 1W T - INR - Daily at baseline then 12wks if stable, increase if any change in illness, meds or diet I - Bruising/bleeding (2%) N/V/D/H I - Up INR - SSRIs, amiodarone, allopurinol + - Lower INR - Alcohol, rifampicin, St johns wort, barbituates, carbamazipine C - Pregnancy!, other bleeding issues S - Talk to doctor before changing meds or diet |
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Aciclovir |
Antiviral - purine analogue
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Gentamicin |
Aminoglycoside
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Itraconazole |
Triazole antifungal
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Penicillins |
B lactam antibiotic
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Ritonavir |
Antiviral - protease inhibitor
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Levonorgestrel |
POP
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Diazepam
(Benzodiazepine) |
A - Benzos decrease the overall activity/signalling in the brain, which helps anxiety. TH - Take one 2mg tablet per day L - Short term 2-4 weeks E - It will stop disabling anxiety T - Nil I - N/H/R Drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, weakness, amnesia, dependence - Alcohol increase effects C - Pregnancy, ethanol, hepatic impairment S - Avoid alcohol and driving. Dependence. |
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ATHLETICS |
Action Time course How to take Length of Rx Effects Tests Important side effects Contraindications Supplementary info |
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Zero order kinetics |
Phenytoin Phenylbutazone Warfarin Heparin Ethanol Aspirin Theophylline (anti-coffee) Tolbutamide |
