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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the MOA, pharmacological effect, therapeutic use of alpha-methyldopa?
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MOA: a2-adrenoreceptor agonist
Pharmacologic effect: suppresses the neuronal activity of the RVLM; RVLM can't stimulate the IMLCC and sympathetic nerve activity goes down Therapeutic uses: lowers BP via passive dilation of resistance arterioles and suppression of cardiac output |
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What is the MOA and pharmacologic effect of Isoproterenol?
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MOA: B-adrenoreceptor agonist
Pharm effect: direct stimulation of SA node |
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What is the pharmacologic effect of Hydralazine?
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Arterial vasodilator. Actively relaxes SM which results in a drop in BP which leads to an increase in heart rate via baroreflex
"Baroreflex Mediated Tachycardia" |
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What is the MOA and pharmacologic effect of Pilocarpine?
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MOA: Cholinergic agonist
Pharm effect: decreases heart rate by direct binding to cholinergic muscarinic receptors at SA node |
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What is the MOA and pharmacologic effect of Norepinephrine?
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MOA: constricts resistance arterioles
Pharm effect: baroreflex mediated bradycardia; increase in BP activates baroreflex which leads to decreased heart rate |
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Where are N1 (nicotinic type 1 receptors) found?
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1. Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Ganglia
2. Adrenal Medulla |
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Where are N2 (nicotinic type 2 receptors) found?
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MEP (motor end plate) of skeletal muscle innervated by somatic nerves.
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Where are Muscarinic receptors found?
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1. Smooth muscle of various organs and glands
2. Heart (SA, AV, atrial muscle) 3. Sweat glands (symp. innervation) 4. Adventitial surface of the blood vessels of the nose and face 5. Prejunctional sites on Parasympathetic neurons (autoreceptor) 6. Prejunctional sites on Sympathetic neurons (heteroreceptors) 7. Surface of vascular endothelial cells |
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Where are alpha-1-adrenoreceptors found?
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Postjunctional sites on effector organs, tissues, glands innervated by SNS
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Where are alpha-2-adrenoreceptors found?
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1. Postjunctional sites on effector organs, tissues, glands innervated by SNS
2. Prejunctional sites on sympathetic neurons (autoreceptors) 3. Prejunctional sites on parasympathetic neurons of SA node, sphincter muscle of iris, and GI tract (heteroreceptors) |
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Where are beta-1-receptors found?
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1. Postjunctional sites of the cardiac muscle, cardiac conduction tissue
2. Adipocytes 3. JG cells of the renal afferent arteriole |
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Where are beta-2-receptors found?
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1. Postjunctional sites of the arterioles and venules, bronchioles, uterus, GI tract, liver
2. Prejunctional sites on sympathetic neurons (heteroreceptors) |
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Where are D1 receptors found?
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Found at vascular SM of the renal afferent arterioles where they cause vasodilation
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Where are D2 receptors found?
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Synapses in the CNS
- corpus striatum, hypothalamus, limbic system, area postrema |
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What is the signal transduction mechanism associated with D2 receptors?
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Inhibition of adenyl cyclase. Increase in K+ conductance.
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Adrenergic stimulation of an ____ receptor on the radial muscle of the iris causes _______________.
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1. alpha-1
2. Mydriasis |
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Cholinergic stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor on the sphincter muscle of the Iris causes ___________.
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Miosis
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Cholinergic stumlation of a Muscarinic receptor on the Ciliary muscle causes ____________.
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contraction of the muscle, relaxation of the Zonula fibers, lens becomes rounder (accomodates) for near vision
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Stimulation of an alpha-1-adrenergic receptor at the Canal of Schlemm will cause?
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Increased normal outflow of aqueous humor
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Stimulation of an alpha-2-adrenergic receptor at the Canal of Schlemm will cause?
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Decreased production of aqueous humor
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Cholinergic stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor at the Canal of Schlemm will cause?
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Increased normal outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of the meridional fibers of the ciliary muscle.
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Stimulation of an alpha receptor in the smooth muscle of the eyelid will cause?
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Contraction
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Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor in the atria and ventricles will cause?
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Increased contractility
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Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor in the atria and ventricles will cause?
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Decreased contractility
(In ventricles--effect is indirect due to Ach activating an heteroreceptor on a prejunctional site of a sympathetic nerve) |
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Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor at the SA node will?
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Increase heart rate
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Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor at the SA node will?
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Decrease heart rate
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Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor in the conduction tissue of the Atria will cause?
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1. Increased conduction velocity
2. Decreased duration of AP 3. Decreased refractory period |
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Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor in the conduction tissue of the Atria will cause?
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1. Decrease conduction velocity
2. Decrease duration of AP 3. Decrease refractory period |
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Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor at the AV node will cause?
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1. Increased conduction velocity
2. Increased automaticity 3. Decreased conduction time 4. Decreased refractory period 5. Decreased duration of AP |
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Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor at the AV node will cause?
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1. Decreased conduction velocity
2. Decreased automaticity 3. Increased conduction time 4. Increased refractory period 5. Increased duration of AP |
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Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor in the His-Purkinje system will cause?
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1. Increased conduction velocity
2. Increased automaticity 3. Decreased conduction time 4. Decreased refractory period 5. Decreased duration of AP |
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Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor in the his-Purkinje system will cause?
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Nothing Fool! It's not innervated by parasympathetic nerves.
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Stimulation of a beta-1 receptor in the ventricles will cause?
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1. Increased conduction velocity
2. Increased automaticity 3. Decreased conduction time 4. Decreased refractory period 5. Decreased AP dueation |
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Stimulation of a Muscarinic receptor in the ventricles will cause?
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Decreased SV due to prejunctional inhibition of NE release
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Stimulation of alpha-1 / alpha-2 receptors on the adventitial surface Arterioles will cause?
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Vasoconstriction
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Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors on the adventitial surface of arterioles will cause?
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Nothing! Not innervated.
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Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors on the lumenal surface of vascular endothelial cells of arterioles does what?
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Stimulates the production of NO which relaxes vascular smooth muscle.
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Stimulation of beta-2 receptors on the lumenal surface of arterioles by circulating epinephrine will cause?
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Vasodilation
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Stimulation of alpha-1 / alpha-2 receptors on venules will cause?
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Vasoconstriction
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Stimulation of beta-2 receptors on the lumenal surface of venules by circulating epinephrine will cause?
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Vasodilation
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Stimulation of beta-2 receptors on Bronchial muscle will cause?
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Relaxation
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Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors on Bronchial muscle will cause?
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Contraction
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Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors on Bronchial glands will cause?
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Decreased secretion
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Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors on Bronchial glands will cause?
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Increased secretion
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Stimulation of adrenergic receptors on the esophagus will cause?
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Nothing! Not innervated
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Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors on the esophagus will cause?
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Contraction
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Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors in the stomach & intestines will cause?
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1. Increased acid secretion
2. Increased motility and tome 3. Sphincter relaxation 4. Increased secretion |
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Stimulation of _____ adrenergic receptors in the stomach & intestine___________ motility and tone
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alpha 1 & 2; decreases
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Adrenergic stimulation of ____ receptors in the stomach and intestines causes ___________ of sphincters
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alpha-1; contraction
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Adrenergic stimulation of ____ receptors in the stomach and intestines causes ____________ of secretion.
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Inhibition
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Adrenergic stimulation of beta-2 receptors in the Gallbladder causes contraction or relaxation?
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Relaxation
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Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors in the Gallbladder and associated ducts causes _____________.
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Contraction
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Adrenergic stimulation of ______ receptors on the JG cells in the Kidney causes ______________.
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beta-1; Renin secretion
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Adrenergic stimulation of the proximal tubules via ____ receptors causes increased/decreased sodium and water reabsorption.
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alpha-1; Increased
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Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors of the Kidney JG cells and Proximal tubules will cause?
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Nothing --> Not innervated by PNS
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Stimulation of Adrenergic ____ receptors on Platelets by circulating epinephrine causes ____________ while stimulation of Muscarinic receptors causes __________.
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Aggregation
Nothing (No receptors present) |
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Adrenergic stimulation of the Detrusor muscle causes ___________ while Cholinergic stimulation causes _____________.
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Nothing; Contraction
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Adrenergic stimulation of the Trigone via _____ receptors causes ______________ while Cholinergic stimulation causes ______________
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alpha-1A; contraction
Relaxation |
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Adrenergic stimulation of the Urethra via ____ receptors causes ____________ while Cholinergic stimulation causes ____________
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alpha-1; contraction
Relaxation |
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Stimulation of ____ receptors in the Urethra by NE causes ___________ while stimulation of Muscarinic receptors causes ____________
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alpha-1; contraction
relaxation ? |
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Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors in the prego Uterus causes ___________ while stimulation of beta-2 receptors in the pregnant and non-pregnant Uterus causes ___________.
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Contraction
Relaxation |
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Erection is caused by what neurotransmitter? What kind of receptor is stimulated?
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1. NO
2. Muscarinic |
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Stimulation of Muscarinic receptors in the urethral and bulbourethral glands causes?
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Mucus secretion
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Adrenergic stimulation of the Vas deferens, ampulla, prostate gland and seminal vesicles via ____ receptors causes?
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Emission and Ejaculation
"Point & Shoot", parasympathetic points, sympathetic shoots |
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In the female clitoris (or mangina) Muscarinic receptor stimulation results in?
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Erection
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Bartholin's Gland secretion is stimulated by activating ____________ receptors.
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Muscarinic
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