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52 Cards in this Set
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Potassium Chloride
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K-Dur
K-Lor Klor-Con Micro-K ExtenCaps Slow-K |
PO/IV: Treatment/prevention of depletion of minerals/electrolytes; IV: Treatment of arrhythmias due to digoxin toxicity
Maintains acid-base balance Essential for nerve conduction Essential for contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle |
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Sodium Bicarbonate
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Baking Soda
Bell-Ans Citrocarbonate Neut Soda Mint |
Acts as an alkalinizing agent by releasing bicarbonate ions. Following oral administration, releases bicarbonate, which is capable of neutralizing gastric acid.
Therapeutic Effects: Alkalinization of body fluids, Neutralization of gastric acid, and Increase of blood pH. |
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Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid
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Bicitra, Oracit
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Acts as an alkalinizing agent by releasing bicarbonate ions. Following oral administration, releases bicarbonate, which is capable of neutralizing gastric acid.
Therapeutic Effects: Alkalinization of body fluids, Neutralization of gastric acid, and Increase of blood pH. |
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0.9% NaCl Solution (Isotonic)
0.45% NaCl Solution (Hypotonic) |
Sodium Chloride Solution
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Isotonic Solution: Increases circulating blood volume (increases blood pressure)
Hypertonic Solution: Pulls fluid from interstitium and cells to the vascular space. Hypotonic Solution: Hydrates the interstitium and cells |
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5% Dextrose in Water (Isotonic)
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Dextrose
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Isotonic Solution: Increases circulating blood volume (increases blood pressure)
Hypertonic Solution: Pulls fluid from interstitium and cells to the vascular space. Hypotonic Solution: Hydrates the interstitium and cells |
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Lactated Ringer's Solution (Isotonic)
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Lactated Ringer's Solution
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Isotonic Solution: Increases circulating blood volume (increases blood pressure)
Hypertonic Solution: Pulls fluid from interstitium and cells to the vascular space. Hypotonic Solution: Hydrates the interstitium and cells |
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Dextrose 5% and 0.9% NaCL (Hypertonic)
Dextrose 5% and 0.45% NaCl (Hypertonic) |
Dextrose and Sodium Chloride
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Isotonic Solution: Increases circulating blood volume (increases blood pressure)
Hypertonic Solution: Pulls fluid from interstitium and cells to the vascular space. Hypotonic Solution: Hydrates the interstitium and cells |
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Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (SPS)
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Kayexalate
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Exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine (each 1 g is exchanged for 1 mEq potassium).
Therapeutic Effects: Reduction of serum potassium levels (treat hyperkalemia) |
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Calcium Carbonate
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Os-Cal
Tums Tums E-X Nephro-Calci |
Acts as an activator of the trasmission of nerve impulses and contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle
Essential for bone formation and blood coagulation. Buffers acidity. Treats electrolyte imbalance |
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Calcium Gluconate
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Kalcinate
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Acts as an activator of the trasmission of nerve impulses and contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle
Essential for bone formation and blood coagulation. Buffers acidity. Treats electrolyte imbalance |
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Famotidine
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Pepcid
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Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2 receptor site located in gastric parietal cells.
Inhibits gastric acid secretion. Treats duodenal ulcers, GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), and manges gastric hypersecretory states (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). IV Solution prevents/treats upper GI bleed. |
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Cimetidine
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Tagamet
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Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2 receptor site located in gastric parietal cells.
Inhibits gastric acid secretion. Treats duodenal ulcers, GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), and manges gastric hypersecretory states (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). IV Solution prevents/treats upper GI bleed. |
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Ranitidine
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Zantac
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Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2 receptor site located in gastric parietal cells.
Inhibits gastric acid secretion. Treats duodenal ulcers, GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), and manges gastric hypersecretory states (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). IV Solution prevents/treats upper GI bleed. |
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Nizatidine
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Axid
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Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2 receptor site located in gastric parietal cells.
Inhibits gastric acid secretion. Treats duodenal ulcers, GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), and manges gastric hypersecretory states (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). IV Solution prevents/treats upper GI bleed. |
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Esomeprazole
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Nexium
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Decreases gastric acid by binding to an enzyme on gastric parietal cells.
Prevent proton pump from releasing acid into the gastric lumen, raises gastric pH. Treats GERD, duodenal ulcers, upper GI bleeds, and hypersecretory conditions. |
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Omeprazole
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Prilosec
Prilosec OTC |
Decreases gastric acid by binding to an enzyme on gastric parietal cells.
Prevent proton pump from releasing acid into the gastric lumen, raises gastric pH. Treats GERD, duodenal ulcers, upper GI bleeds, and hypersecretory conditions. |
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Pantoprazole
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Protonix
Protonix I.V. |
Decreases gastric acid by binding to an enzyme on gastric parietal cells.
Prevent proton pump from releasing acid into the gastric lumen, raises gastric pH. Treats GERD, duodenal ulcers, upper GI bleeds, and hypersecretory conditions. |
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Lanzoprazole
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Prevacid
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Decreases gastric acid by binding to an enzyme on gastric parietal cells.
Prevent proton pump from releasing acid into the gastric lumen, raises gastric pH. Treats GERD, duodenal ulcers, upper GI bleeds, and hypersecretory conditions. |
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Misoprostol
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Cytotec
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Acts as a prostaglandin analog, decreasing gastric acid secretion and increases production of protective muscus.
Causes uterine contractions. Prevents gastric mucosal injury from NSAIDs, including aspirin, in high risk clients. Used with mifepristone for termination of pregnancy. |
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Sucralfate
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Carafate
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Activated by stomach acid to form a thick, protective paste.
Used for management of peptic ulcers. Suspension used for mucositis/stomatitis/oral ulcers. |
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Lansoprazole/Amoxicillin/Clarithromycin
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Prevpac
(Prevacid/Amoxil/Biaxin) |
Decreases gastric acidity. Eliminates H. pylori infection to cure gastric ulcers.
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Bismuth Subsalicylate/Metronidazole/Tetracycline
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Helidac
(Pepto-Bismol/Flagyl/Achromycin) |
Decreases gastric acidity. Eliminates H. pylori infection to cure gastric ulcers.
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Bismuth Subsalicylate
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Pepto-Bismol
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Promote intestinal absorption of fluid and electrolytes.
Decreases water content of stool (antidiarrheal) |
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Attapulgite
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Kaopectate
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Promote intestinal absorption of fluid and electrolytes.
Decreases water content of stool (antidiarrheal) |
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Atropine
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Atro-Pen
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Inhibits the muscarinic effect of acetylcholine in smooth muscles, secretory glands, and the CNS.
Treats spastic bladder and bowel, including: Diverticulitis Infant Colic Biliary and Renal Colic Peptic Ulcer Disease Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
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Hyoscyamine
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Anaspaz
Levsin |
Inhibits the muscarinic effect of acetylcholine in smooth muscles, secretory glands, and the CNS.
Treats spastic bladder and bowel, including: Diverticulitis Infant Colic Biliary and Renal Colic Peptic Ulcer Disease Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
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Diphenoxylate/Atropine
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Lomotil
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Inhibits excess GI motility. Reduces fecal volume, increases fecal viscosity and bulk while diminishing loss of fluid and electrolytes. Inhibits peristalsis.
Used as adjunct therapy for actue diarrhea, and chronic diarrhea associated with IBS. Decreases ileostomy drainage |
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Loperamide
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Imodium
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Inhibits excess GI motility. Reduces fecal volume, increases fecal viscosity and bulk while diminishing loss of fluid and electrolytes. Inhibits peristalsis.
Used as adjunct therapy for actue diarrhea, and chronic diarrhea associated with IBS. Decreases ileostomy drainage |
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Codeine
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Codeine
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Inhibits excess GI motility. Reduces fecal volume, increases fecal viscosity and bulk while diminishing loss of fluid and electrolytes. Inhibits peristalsis.
Used as adjunct therapy for actue diarrhea, and chronic diarrhea associated with IBS. Decreases ileostomy drainage |
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Alosetron
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Lotronex
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Used to treat IBS characterized by diarrhea.
5-HT3 receptor site antagonism results in slowing of colonic transit time in IBS characterized by diarrhea. |
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Psyllium
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Metamucil
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Combines with water in the intestines to form an emollient gel or viscous solution that promotes peristalsis/reduces transit time.
Manages chronic/simple constipation, esp. with low-fiber diet. Also useful in situations where straining should be avoided. |
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Methylcellulose
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Citrucel
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Combines with water in the intestines to form an emollient gel or viscous solution that promotes peristalsis/reduces transit time.
Manages chronic/simple constipation, esp. with low-fiber diet. Also useful in situations where straining should be avoided. |
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Polyethylene Glycol/Electrolyte
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GoLYTELY
NuLytely MIRALAX |
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in solution acts as an osmotic agent, drawing water into the lumen of the GI tract.
Used for bowel cleansing in preparation for GI examination. Also for treatment of acute iron overdose in children. |
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Sodium Chloride/Sodium Bicarbonate/Potassium Chloride with Bisacodyl Slow Release Tablets
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Halflytely
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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in solution acts as an osmotic agent, drawing water into the lumen of the GI tract.
Used for bowel cleansing in preparation for GI examination. Also for treatment of acute iron overdose in children. |
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Simethicone
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Gas-X
Mylicon Phazyme |
Causes the coalescence of gas bubbles. Does not prevent the formation of gas.
Relieves painful symptoms of excess gas in GI tract that occurs postoperatively, or due to air swallowing, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, or diverticulitis. |
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Lactulose
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Cephulac
Kristalose Chronulac |
Increases water content and softens the stool. Lowers the pH of the color, which keeps ammonia from infusing from the colon into the blood, reducing blood ammonia levels.
Treats chronic constipation in adults/geriatric. Used in diabetic clients with gastroparesis. Adjunct in management of portal-systemic (hepatic) encephalopathy (PSE). |
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Sennoside
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Ex-Lax
Fletcher's Castoria Senokot |
Active componenets alter water and electrolyte transport in the large intestine, resulting in accumulation of water and increased peristalsis.
Treats constipation, esp. with slow transit time, constipating drugs, or IBS/SBS. |
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Bisacodyl
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Dulcolax
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Active componenets alter water and electrolyte transport in the large intestine, resulting in accumulation of water and increased peristalsis.
Treats constipation, esp. with slow transit time, constipating drugs, or IBS/SBS. |
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Casanthranol & Docusate Sodium
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Peri-Colace
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Active componenets alter water and electrolyte transport in the large intestine, resulting in accumulation of water and increased peristalsis.
Treats constipation, esp. with slow transit time, constipating drugs, or IBS/SBS. |
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Docusate Calcium
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Surfak
DC Softgels |
Adsorbent: pulls water into stool. Increases electrolyte and water secretion into colon.
Prevents constipation and straining at stool (cardiac clients, recent rectal surgery, etc). Can be used rectally to soften fecal impaction. |
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Docusate Sodium
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Colace
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Adsorbent: pulls water into stool. Increases electrolyte and water secretion into colon.
Prevents constipation and straining at stool (cardiac clients, recent rectal surgery, etc). Can be used rectally to soften fecal impaction. |
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Magnesium Oxide
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Mag-Ox 400
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Essential for activity of many enzymes. Important to neurotransmission and muscular excitability. Osmotically active in GI tract, drawing water into the lumen and causing peristalsis.
Treats/prevents hypomagnesemia. Also a laxative/bowel evacuant. PO liquid is used as an antacid. |
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Magnesium Sulfate (IV)
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Magnesium Sulfate Injection
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Essential for activity of many enzymes. Important to neurotransmission and muscular excitability. Osmotically active in GI tract, drawing water into the lumen and causing peristalsis.
Treats/prevents hypomagnesemia. Also a laxative/bowel evacuant. PO liquid is used as an antacid. |
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Magnesium Hydroxide
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Dulcolax Magnesia Tablets
Phillips Magnesia Tables Phillips Mike of Magnesia MOM |
Essential for activity of many enzymes. Important to neurotransmission and muscular excitability. Osmotically active in GI tract, drawing water into the lumen and causing peristalsis.
Treats/prevents hypomagnesemia. Also a laxative/bowel evacuant. PO liquid is used as an antacid. |
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Scopolamine
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Isopto Hyoscine
Transderm-Scop |
Inhibits muscarinic activity of acetylcholine. Correct imbalance of acetylcholine and norepinephrine in the CNS, which may be responsible for motion sickness.
Transdermal: Prevents motion sickness. Manages N/V assoc. with opiod analgesia/general anesthesia. IM/IV/SQ: Preoperatively for production of amnesia and reduction of salivation/respiratory secretions |
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Meclizine
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Antivert
Bonine Dramamine II |
Has central anticholinergic, CNS depressant, and antihistaminic properties. Decreases excitability of the middle ear labyrinth.
Manages/prevents motion sickness and vertigo. |
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Prochlorperazine
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Compazine
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Alters effects of dopamine in the CNS. Depresses the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the CNS.
Used to manage N/V |
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Metoclopramide
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Reglan
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Blocks dopamine receptors in the chemorecepted trigger zone (CTZ) in the CNS. Stimulates motility of the upper GI tract and accelerates gastric emptying.
Prevents emesis related to chemotherapy/surgery. Reduces GERD. Prevents microaspiration in clients with enteral feedings. Also used to treat hiccups. |
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Ondansetron
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Zofran
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Blocks the effects of serotonin at receptor sites (selective antagonist) located in vagal nerve terminals and in the CTZ in the CNS.
Prevents N/V assocated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. IM/IV: Prevents/treats postoperative N/V. |
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Granisetron
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Kytril
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Blocks the effects of serotonin at receptor sites (selective antagonist) located in vagal nerve terminals and in the CTZ in the CNS.
Prevents N/V assocated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. IM/IV: Prevents/treats postoperative N/V. |
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Dronabinol
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THC
Marinol |
Active ingredient in marijuana, with wide variety of CNS effects, including inhibition of Vomiting control mechanism in the medulla oblongata.
Treatment of N/V due to chemo that hasn't responded to other antiemetics. Also stimulation of appetite in the cachexic client. |
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Nabilone
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Cesamet
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Active ingredient in marijuana, with wide variety of CNS effects, including inhibition of Vomiting control mechanism in the medulla oblongata.
Treatment of N/V due to chemo that hasn't responded to other antiemetics. Also stimulation of appetite in the cachexic client. |
